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serum

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Serum, sèrum, and sérum

English

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology

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From Latin serum (“whey”). Cognates include French sérum, Spanish suero, Italian siere, siero, Portuguese soro. Doublet of suero.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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serum (countable and uncountable, plural serums or sera)

  1. The clear yellowish liquid obtained upon separating whole blood into its solid and liquid components after it has been allowed to clot.
    Synonym: blood serum
  2. Blood serum from the tissues of immunized animals, containing antibodies and used to transfer immunity to another individual.
  3. A watery liquid from animal tissue, especially one that moistens the surface of serous membranes or that is exuded by such membranes when they become inflamed, such as in edema or a blister.
  4. The watery portion of certain animal fluids like blood, milk, etc; whey.
  5. (skincare) A skincare product of varying consistencies with a high concentration of one or more active ingredients, for a targeted purpose, such as preventing acne, repairing sun damage, or moisturizing.

Synonyms

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  • (medicine prepared from animal fluids): antiserum

Hyponyms

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Derived terms

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Terms derived from serum
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Translations

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Further reading

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Anagrams

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Dutch

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Etymology

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Ultimately from Latin serum. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈseː.rʏm/, [ˈsɪː.rʏm]
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: se‧rum

Noun

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serum n (plural sera or serums)

  1. blood serum

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • → Indonesian: serum

Indonesian

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Indonesian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia id

Etymology 1

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Borrowed from Dutch serum (“serum”), from Latin serum.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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serum (plural serum-serum)

  1. serum:
    1. (hematology) the clear yellowish liquid obtained upon separating whole blood into its solid and liquid components after it has been allowed to clot.
    2. (immunology) blood serum from the tissues of immunized animals, containing antibodies and used to transfer immunity to another individual.
    3. a watery liquid from animal tissue, especially one that moistens the surface of serous membranes or that is exuded by such membranes when they become inflamed, such as in edema or a blister.
    4. (skincare) A skincare product of varying consistencies with a high concentration of one or more active ingredients, for a targeted purpose, such as preventing acne, repairing sun damage, or moisturizing.
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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sêrum (plural serum-serum)

  1. acronym of serangan umum (“general offensive”).

Further reading

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Latin

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Alternative forms

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Italic *serom (“liquid”), from Proto-Indo-European *sér-o- (“flowing, liquid”), from *ser- (“to flow, run”); cognate with Sanskrit सर (sará, “flowing”), सार (sā́ra, “curd, cream”), सारण (sāraṇa, “flowing, buttermilk”), and Ancient Greek ὁρός (horós, “whey, curd, semen”).[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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serum n (genitive serī); second declension

  1. whey
    • c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics 3.404–406:
      Nec tibi cūra canum fuerit postrēma, sed ūnā
      vēlōcis Spartae catulōs ācremque Molossum
      pāsce serō pinguī.
      Nor let the concern for your dogs be the last, but in the same way
      the brave Molossan and the whelps of the swift Spartan
      feed with fat whey.
    • c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 28.130:
      Būbulī serum orthopnoicīs prōdest ante cētera additō nāsturtiō.
      Whey of cows is more beneficial to asthmatics than others when cress is added to it.
  2. (by extension) some other watery liquid
    • c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, Carmina 80:
      Quid dīcam, Gellī, quārē rosea ista labella
           hībernā fīant candidiōra nive,
      māne domō cum exīs et cum tē octāva quiēte
           ē mollī longō suscitat hōra diē?
      Nesciŏquid certest: an vērē fāma susurrat
           grandia tē mediī tenta vorāre virī?
      Sīc certest: clāmant Victōris rupta miselli
           īlia, et ēmulsō barba notāta serō.
      What shall I say, Gellius, how these rosy lips
           are whiter than wintery snow,
      when you walk out of the house when the eighth hour
           rouses you from soft rest in the long day?
      Something's sure: perhaps your reputation whispers truthfully
           that you devour the large protuberance of a man's middle?
      So is it certain: thus the broken loins of the poor Victor
           cry, and the beard marked with the milked-out semen.
Declension
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Second-declension noun (neuter).

singular plural
nominative serum sera
genitive serī serōrum
dative serō serīs
accusative serum sera
ablative serō serīs
vocative serum sera
Descendants
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Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Adjective

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sērum

  1. nominative neuter singular of sērus

References

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  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “serum”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 558

Further reading

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  • “serum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “serum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • serum in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • serum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

Old Norse

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Verb

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serum

  1. first-person plural past indicative active of sá

Polish

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Etymology

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Learned borrowing from Latin serum.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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serum n (indeclinable)

  1. (rare) serum (yellowish fluid obtained from blood)
    Synonym: surowica
  2. (cosmetics) serum (skincare product)

Further reading

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  • serum in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • serum in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Serbo-Croatian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin serum (“whey”).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /sěːrum/
  • Hyphenation: se‧rum

Noun

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sérum m (Cyrillic spelling се́рум)

  1. serum

Declension

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Declension of serum
singular plural
nominative serum serumi
genitive seruma seruma
dative serumu serumima
accusative serum serume
vocative serume serumi
locative serumu serumima
instrumental serumom serumima
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