sḫꜣj

See also: shꜣj and sḥꜣj

Egyptian

FWOTD – 6 December 2019

Etymology

s- (causative prefix) +‎ ḫꜣj (“to measure, to examine”).

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈsiχʀit/ → /ˈsiχʀiʔ/ → /ˈseχja/ → /ˈseχjə/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈsiχʀit/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈsiχʀiʔ/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈseχja/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈseχjə/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛxɑi/
  • Conventional anglicization: sekhai

Verb

 caus. 3ae inf. or caus. 2-lit.

1. (transitive) to recall, to remember
2. (transitive) to bring to mind
3. (transitive) to mention
   • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 128–129:

     nn sḫꜣ.j n.k zꜣt ktt jnt.n.j m zšꜣ

     I won’t mention to you the little daughter I had gotten by prayer.

Inflection

Conjugation of sḫꜣj (causative third weak / caus. 3ae inf. / caus. III. inf.) — base stem: sḫꜣ, geminated stem: sḫꜣꜣ

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural sḫꜣt, sḫꜣj sḫꜣw, sḫꜣ sḫꜣt, sḫꜣwt, sḫꜣyt sḫꜣ sḫꜣ, sḫꜣy ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 sḫꜣ ḥr sḫꜣt, ḥr sḫꜣj m sḫꜣt, m sḫꜣj r sḫꜣt, r sḫꜣj suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect sḫꜣ.n sḫꜣw, sḫꜣ, sḫꜣy consecutive sḫꜣ.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative sḫꜣt perfective3 sḫꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 sḫꜣ.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective sḫꜣ, sḫꜣy active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 sḫꜣw, sḫꜣ, sḫꜣy sḫꜣw, sḫꜣ, sḫꜣy potentialis1 sḫꜣ.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive sḫꜣ, sḫꜣy active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect sḫꜣ.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective sḫꜣw1, sḫꜣy, sḫꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 sḫꜣ sḫꜣy, sḫꜣ imperfective sḫꜣꜣ, sḫꜣꜣy, sḫꜣꜣw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 sḫꜣꜣ, sḫꜣꜣj6, sḫꜣꜣy6 sḫꜣꜣ, sḫꜣꜣw5 prospective sḫꜣw1, sḫꜣy, sḫꜣ, sḫꜣtj7 — sḫꜣwtj1 4, sḫꜣtj4, sḫꜣt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Some authors instead interpret this verb as a causative biliteral:

Conjugation of sḫꜣ (causative biliteral / caus. 2-lit. / caus. 2rad.) — base stem: sḫꜣ

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural sḫꜣt, sḫꜣ sḫꜣw, sḫꜣ sḫꜣt sḫꜣ sḫꜣ ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 sḫꜣ ḥr sḫꜣ m sḫꜣ r sḫꜣ suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect sḫꜣ.n sḫꜣw, sḫꜣ consecutive sḫꜣ.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative sḫꜣt perfective3 sḫꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 sḫꜣ.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective sḫꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 sḫꜣw, sḫꜣ, sḫꜣy sḫꜣw, sḫꜣ, sḫꜣy potentialis1 sḫꜣ.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive sḫꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect sḫꜣ.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective sḫꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 sḫꜣ sḫꜣ, sḫꜣw5, sḫꜣy5 imperfective sḫꜣ, sḫꜣy, sḫꜣw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 sḫꜣ, sḫꜣj6, sḫꜣy6 sḫꜣ, sḫꜣw5 prospective sḫꜣ, sḫꜣtj7 — sḫꜣwtj1 4, sḫꜣtj4, sḫꜣt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of sḫꜣj  

sḫꜣj	sḫꜣj

Antonyms

• smḫ

Derived terms

• sḫꜣw

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 232.12–233.26
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 240
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 36, 171, 331.
• Allen, James Peter (1984) The Inflection of the Verb in the Pyramid Texts, Malibu, California: Undena Publications, →ISBN, page 591