shꜣj

See also: sḥꜣj and sḫꜣj

Egyptian

Etymology

s- (causative prefix) +‎ hꜣj (“to descend”).

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛhɑi/
  • Conventional anglicization: sehai

Verb

 caus. 3ae inf.

1. (transitive) to cause to descend, to bring down

Inflection

Conjugation of shꜣj (causative third weak / caus. 3ae inf. / caus. III. inf.) — base stem: shꜣ, geminated stem: shꜣꜣ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
shꜣt, shꜣj	shꜣw, shꜣ	shꜣt, shꜣwt, shꜣyt	shꜣ	shꜣ, shꜣy

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
shꜣ	ḥr shꜣt, ḥr shꜣj	m shꜣt, m shꜣj	r shꜣt, r shꜣj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	shꜣ.n	shꜣw, shꜣ, shꜣy	consecutive	shꜣ.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	shꜣt
perfective3	shꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	shꜣ.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	shꜣ, shꜣy	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	shꜣw, shꜣ, shꜣy	shꜣw, shꜣ, shꜣy	potentialis1	shꜣ.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	shꜣ, shꜣy	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	shꜣ.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	shꜣw1, shꜣy, shꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2	shꜣ	shꜣy, shꜣ
imperfective	shꜣꜣ, shꜣꜣy, shꜣꜣw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	shꜣꜣ, shꜣꜣj6, shꜣꜣy6	shꜣꜣ, shꜣꜣw5
prospective	shꜣw1, shꜣy, shꜣ, shꜣtj7	—	shꜣwtj1 4, shꜣtj4, shꜣt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 259.