rwḏ

See also: rwd and RWD

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ruːd͡ʒ/
  • Conventional anglicization: rudj

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (intransitive) to be(come) firm
   • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 132–134:

     jr qn{n}.k rwḏ jb.k mḥ.k qnj.k m ẖrdw.k sn.k ḥmt.k mꜣ.k pr.k

     If you are stalwart, with your mind firm, you will fill your embrace with your children, you will kiss your wife, and you will see your home.

Inflection

Conjugation of rwḏ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: rwḏ, geminated stem: rwḏḏ

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural rwḏ rwḏw, rwḏ rwḏt rwḏ rwḏ ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 rwḏ ḥr rwḏ m rwḏ r rwḏ suffix conjugation aspect / mood active contingent aspect / mood active perfect rwḏ.n consecutive rwḏ.jn terminative rwḏt perfective3 rwḏ obligative1 rwḏ.ḫr imperfective rwḏ prospective3 rwḏ potentialis1 rwḏ.kꜣ subjunctive rwḏ verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active active passive perfect rwḏ.n — — perfective rwḏ rwḏ rwḏ, rwḏw5, rwḏy5 imperfective rwḏ, rwḏy, rwḏw5 rwḏ, rwḏj6, rwḏy6 rwḏ, rwḏw5 prospective rwḏ, rwḏtj7 rwḏtj4, rwḏt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of rwḏ  

rwd	rd

Derived terms

• ꜥꜣt rwḏt
• nꜣy.f-ꜥꜣw-rwḏ
• rwḏ-jmn
• rwḏt
• srwḏ

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 166, 238.