rd

See also: RD, rd., -rd, Rd., R&D, and R & D

English

Alternative forms

• rd.

Noun

rd

1. Abbreviation of road.
2. Abbreviation of rad (“unit of measure”).
3. (knitting, firearms) Abbreviation of round.

Anagrams

• D.R., DR, Dr, Dr., dr, dr.

Egyptian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ɾitʼ/ → /ɾitʼ/ → /ɾetʼ/ → /ɾetʼ/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ɾitʼ/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ɾitʼ/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ɾetʼ/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ɾetʼ/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /rɛd/
  • Conventional anglicization: red

Noun

 m

1. foot, leg
   • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 45–46:

     ꜥḥꜥ.n dwn.n.j rdwj.j r rḫ djt.j m r(ꜣ).j

     Then I stretched out my legs to learn what I might put in my mouth.

Inflection

Declension of rd (masculine)

singular	rd
dual	rdwj
plural	rdw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of rd  

rd

Derived terms

• mḥ rdwj
• rdw (“staircase”)
• rdwj (“servant, footman”)

 

Descendants

• Demotic: rt
  • Coptic:
    • ⲣⲁⲧ⸗ (rat⸗) (Sahidic, Bohairic)
    • ⲗⲉⲧ⸗ (let⸗) (Fayyumic)
    • ⲣⲉⲧ⸗ (ret⸗) (Akhmimic, Lycopolitan, Fayyumic, Old Coptic)
    • ⲣⲉⲉⲧ⸗ (reet⸗) (Akhmimic)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈɾaːtʼuw/ → /ˈɾaːtʼuw/ → /ˈɾaːtʼə/ → /ˈɾoːtʼ/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈɾaːtʼuw/ (singular); IPA^(key): /ˈɾatʼwaw/ (plural)
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈɾaːtʼuw/ (singular); IPA^(key): /ˈɾatʼwaw/ (plural)
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈɾaːtʼə/ (singular); IPA^(key): /ˈɾatʼwə/ (plural)
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈɾoːtʼ/ (singular); IPA^(key): /ˈɾatʼə/ (plural)

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /rɛd/
  • Conventional anglicization: red

Noun

 m

1. bud, shoot

Inflection

Declension of rd (masculine u-stem)

singular	rd
dual	rdwj
plural	rdw

Etymology 3

Verb

 2-lit.

1. (intransitive) to grow

Inflection

Conjugation of rd (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: rd, geminated stem: rdd

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
rd	rdw, rd	rdt	rd, j.rd	rd, j.rd

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
rd	ḥr rd	m rd	r rd

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
		aspect / mood	active
perfect	rd.n	consecutive	rd.jn
terminative	rdt
perfective3	rd	obligative1	rd.ḫr
imperfective	rd, j.rd1
prospective3	rd	potentialis1	rd.kꜣ
subjunctive	rd, j.rd1

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
	active	active	passive
perfect	rd.n	—	—
perfective	rd	rd	rdd, rddj6, rd2, rdw2 5, rdy2 5
imperfective	j.rd1, rd, rdy, rdw5	j.rd1, j.rdw1 5, rd, rdj6, rdy6	rd, rdw5
prospective	rd, rdtj7	rdtj4, rdt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of rd  

rd	rd

Derived terms

• rwḏ (“prosper”)

 

References

• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 256, 277.