srwḏ

Egyptian

Etymology

s- (causative prefix) +‎ rwḏ (“to be firm”).

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛruːd͡ʒ/
  • Conventional anglicization: serudj

Verb

 caus. 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to strengthen
   • c. 2112–2063 BCE (reign of Intef II), Funerary stele of Rediu-Khnum from his tomb at Dendera (UE 6) (Cairo CG 20543), line A13–A14:

     srwd.n(.j) gmt.n(.j) wzṯ(.w) ṯz.n(.j) gmt.n(.j) fdq(.w) mḥ.n(.j) gmt.n(.j) jꜣṯ(.w)

     I made firm what I found dilapidated; I joined together what I found cut apart; I replenished what I found injured.

2. (transitive) to make endure, to perpetuate (offerings to the gods)

Inflection

Conjugation of srwḏ (causative triliteral / caus. 3-lit. / caus. 3rad.) — base stem: srwḏ

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural srwḏ srwḏw, srwḏ srwḏt srwḏ srwḏ ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 srwḏ ḥr srwḏ m srwḏ r srwḏ suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect srwḏ.n srwḏw, srwḏ consecutive srwḏ.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative srwḏt perfective3 srwḏ active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 srwḏ.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective srwḏ active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 srwḏw, srwḏ, srwḏy srwḏw, srwḏ, srwḏy potentialis1 srwḏ.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive srwḏ active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect srwḏ.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective srwḏ active + .tj1, .tw2 srwḏ srwḏ, srwḏw5, srwḏy5 imperfective srwḏ, srwḏy, srwḏw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 srwḏ, srwḏj6, srwḏy6 srwḏ, srwḏw5 prospective srwḏ, srwḏtj7 — srwḏwtj1 4, srwḏtj4, srwḏt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of srwḏ  

srwd

References

• Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 147
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 194.7–194.23