ruim

Afrikaans

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rœi̯m/

Etymology 1

From Dutch ruim, from Middle Dutch ruum, from Old Dutch *rūm (in placenames), from Proto-West Germanic *rūm, from Proto-Germanic *rūmaz.

Adjective

ruim (attributive ruim, comparative ruimer, superlative ruimste)

1. spacious, roomy, large
2. ample, generous

Etymology 2

From Dutch ruim, from Middle Dutch ruum, from Old Dutch ruom, Proto-West Germanic *rūm, from Proto-Germanic *rūmą.

Noun

ruim (plural ruime)

1. (nautical) A cargo hold.

Derived terms

• lugruim
• skeepsruim

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rœy̯m/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: ruim
• Rhymes: -œy̯m

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch ruum, from Old Dutch *rūm (in placenames), from Proto-West Germanic *rūm, from Proto-Germanic *rūmaz.

Adjective

ruim (comparative ruimer, superlative ruimst)

1. spacious, roomy

   Antonyms: eng, nauw, krap

2. large, wide
3. ample, generous

   Die portie is ruim bemeten.

   That portion is amply measured.

Declension

Declension of ruim
uninflected	ruim
inflected	ruime
comparative	ruimer
		positive	comparative	superlative
predicative/adverbial		ruim	ruimer	het ruimst het ruimste
indefinite	m./f. sing.	ruime	ruimere	ruimste
	n. sing.	ruim	ruimer	ruimste
	plural	ruime	ruimere	ruimste
definite		ruime	ruimere	ruimste
partitive		ruims	ruimers	—

Derived terms

• ruimte
• afruimen
• inruimen
• opruimen

Descendants

• Afrikaans: ruim
• → Papiamentu: reimu, reim

Adverb

ruim

1. more than, over, easily

   Het weegt ruim een ton.

   It weighs over a ton.

Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch ruum, from Old Dutch ruom, Proto-West Germanic *rūm, from Proto-Germanic *rūmą.

Noun

ruim n (plural ruimen, diminutive ruimpje n)

1. (with definite article) the wide, open space
2. (nautical) a cargo hold

Derived terms

• luchtruim
• scheepsruim

Descendants

• → Russian: трюм (trjum)

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

ruim

1. inflection of ruimen:
   1. first-person singular present indicative
   2. (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
   3. imperative

Portuguese

Etymology

From ruína, or from a Vulgar Latin root *ruīnus, ultimately from Latin ruīna. Compare Galician ruín, Spanish ruin, Catalan roí, French ruine.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈʁuj̃/ [ˈhuɪ̯̃], /ʁuˈĩ/ [hʊˈĩ], (faster pronunciation) /ˈʁwĩ/ [ˈhwĩ]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈʁuj̃/ [ˈhuɪ̯̃], /ʁuˈĩ/ [hʊˈĩ], (faster pronunciation) /ˈʁwĩ/ [ˈhwĩ]
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ˈʁuj̃/ [ˈχuɪ̯̃], /ʁuˈĩ/ [χʊˈĩ], (faster pronunciation) /ˈʁwĩ/ [ˈχwĩ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈʁuj̃/, /ʁuˈĩ/

• Rhymes: -ũj̃, -ĩ
• Hyphenation: ru‧im

Adjective

ruim m or f (plural ruins)

1. bad
2. unpleasant
3. evil
   • 1999, Digão, Rodolfo Abrantes (lyrics and music), “Mulher de Fases” (0:11 from the start), in Só no Forévis, performed by Raimundos, Rio de Janeiro: Warner Music Brasil:

     Que mulher ruim, jogou minhas coisa fora / Disse que em sua cama eu não deito mais não

     /ˈʁwĩ/

     What an evil woman, she threw my things away / She said that I won't be sleeping on her bed no more

Derived terms

• coisa-ruim
• ruimente / ruimmente
• ruindade
• sangue ruim

See also

• mau

References

• “ruim”, in iDicionário Aulete (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2025
• “ruim”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025
• “ruim”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
• “ruim”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025