raupjš

Latvian

Etymology

From an earlier adjective *raupus (yielding two parallel forms, a yo-stem form that became standard raupjš and an o-stem form that yielded the archaic noun raups), from the o-grade form *roup- of Proto-Indo-European *reup-, *rūp-, *rup- (“to pull, to tear, to break”) (from the *rup- form comes the adjective rupjš, q.v.), from the stem *reu- (“to peel, to pluck, to dig”). The semantic evolution was probably “to pluck, to tear (e.g., wool, feathers)” > (adj.) “uneven, harsh” (skin, after removing wool, feathers) > “harsh, rugged.”.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ràwpʲʃ]

Adjective

raupjš (definite raupjais, comparative raupjāks, superlative visraupjākais, adverb raupji)

1. rough, harsh, uneven, rugged (having an irregular, not smooth, harsh surface)

   raupjas rokas ― harsh, rough, hardened hands

   raupja miza ― rough, harsh bark

2. (of fabric, cloth) rough (not soft)

   raupja sega ― rough blanket

   šis raupjais kokvilnas palags ― these rough cotton sheets

3. (of hair, fur, plants) hard, coarse, not soft

   raupji mati ― hard, coarse hair

4. (of people, their behavior, appearance) simple, not subtle, not refined, not sophisticated

   mūsu tautas zemnieciski raupjajās un naivajās pasakās visur ir daiļi cilvēki ― in our people's rustic, rough and naive tales, there are beautiful people everywhere

5. (of people, their behavior, appearances) harsh, rugged, impolite (without empathy or affection; expressing lack of empathy or affection)

   stringrs un raupjš gan arī esot priekšsēdētājs ― the chairman was apparently also strict and harsh

   raupji vaibsti ― harsh (facial) features

6. (of words, speech) rough, offensive, indecent

   karstu dusmu šļākumam raupji vārdi seko ― (after) the gushing of hot anger, rough, offensive words followed

7. (rare, of raindrops, hail) big, large

   tik negants vējš, un nakts, un tumsa, un raupjām lāsēm lietus līst ― such furious wind, and night, and darkness, and the rain is falling in big (rain)drops

Declension

indefinite declension (nenoteiktā galotne) of raupjš

	masculine (vīriešu dzimte)			feminine (sieviešu dzimte)
	singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)		singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)
nominative (nominatīvs)	raupjš	raupji		raupja	raupjas
accusative (akuzatīvs)	raupju	raupjus		raupju	raupjas
genitive (ģenitīvs)	raupja	raupju		raupjas	raupju
dative (datīvs)	raupjam	raupjiem		raupjai	raupjām
instrumental (instrumentālis)	raupju	raupjiem		raupju	raupjām
locative (lokatīvs)	raupjā	raupjos		raupjā	raupjās
vocative (vokatīvs)	—	—		—	—

Synonyms

• ass
• negluds
• rupjš
• (of hair): ciets

Antonyms

• gluds
• maigs
• mīksts

Derived terms

• raupjums