raupjš

Latvian

Etymology

From an earlier adjective *raupus (yielding two parallel forms, a yo-stem form that became standard raupjš and an o-stem form that yielded the archaic noun raups), from the o-grade form *roup- of Proto-Indo-European *reup-, *rūp-, *rup- (“to pull, to tear, to break”) (from the *rup- form comes the adjective rupjš, q.v.), from the stem *reu- (“to peel, to pluck, to dig”). The semantic evolution was probably “to pluck, to tear (e.g., wool, feathers)” > (adj.) “uneven, harsh” (skin, after removing wool, feathers) > “harsh, rugged.”.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ràwpʲʃ]

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Adjective

raupjš (definite raupjais, comparative raupjāks, superlative visraupjākais, adverb raupji)

rough, harsh, uneven, rugged (having an irregular, not smooth, harsh surface)
raupjas rokas ― harsh, rough, hardened hands

raupja miza ― rough, harsh bark
(of fabric, cloth) rough (not soft)
raupja sega ― rough blanket

šis raupjais kokvilnas palags ― these rough cotton sheets
(of hair, fur, plants) hard, coarse, not soft
raupji mati ― hard, coarse hair
(of people, their behavior, appearance) simple, not subtle, not refined, not sophisticated
mūsu tautas zemnieciski raupjajās un naivajās pasakās visur ir daiļi cilvēki ― in our people's rustic, rough and naive tales, there are beautiful people everywhere
(of people, their behavior, appearances) harsh, rugged, impolite (without empathy or affection; expressing lack of empathy or affection)
stringrs un raupjš gan arī esot priekšsēdētājs ― the chairman was apparently also strict and harsh

raupji vaibsti ― harsh (facial) features
(of words, speech) rough, offensive, indecent
karstu dusmu šļākumam raupji vārdi seko ― (after) the gushing of hot anger, rough, offensive words followed
(rare, of raindrops, hail) big, large
tik negants vējš, un nakts, un tumsa, un raupjām lāsēm lietus līst ― such furious wind, and night, and darkness, and the rain is falling in big (rain)drops

Declension

indefinite declension (nenoteiktā galotne) of raupjš

	masculine (vīriešu dzimte)		feminine (sieviešu dzimte)
	singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)	singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)
nominative (nominatīvs)	raupjš	raupji	raupja	raupjas
accusative (akuzatīvs)	raupju	raupjus	raupju	raupjas
genitive (ģenitīvs)	raupja	raupju	raupjas	raupju
dative (datīvs)	raupjam	raupjiem	raupjai	raupjām
instrumental (instrumentālis)	raupju	raupjiem	raupju	raupjām
locative (lokatīvs)	raupjā	raupjos	raupjā	raupjās
vocative (vokatīvs)	—	—	—	—

Synonyms

ass
negluds
rupjš
(of hair): ciets

Antonyms

Derived terms

raupjums

References

^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “raupjš”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎^[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

[1] Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “raupjš”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎^[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

[1]