réud

Old Irish

Etymology

Derived somehow from Proto-Celtic *ɸreswos, from Proto-Indo-European *prews-. Cognate with English freeze and Latin pruina (“hoar-frost”). Matasović posits an immediate preform *ɸreswotos to account for the Goidelic forms, but it would result in ^×refud instead as the usual reflex of intervocalic *-sw- in Old Irish is -f-. On the other hand, *ɸresw-tos > *ɸresutos is a viable pre-form.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [r͈ʲeːu̯ð]

Noun

réud m

1. frost

Inflection

Masculine o-stem

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	réud	réudL	ríuidL
vocative	ríuid	réudL	réuduH
accusative	réudN	réudL	réuduH
genitive	ríuidL	réud	réudN
dative	réudL	réudaib	réudaib

Initial mutations of a following adjective:

• ^H = triggers aspiration
• ^L = triggers lenition
• ^N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

• Middle Irish: reód
  • Irish: reo
  • Manx: rio
  • Scottish Gaelic: reòth

Mutation

Mutation of réud

radical	lenition	nasalization
réud also rréud after a proclitic ending in a vowel	réud pronounced with /r(ʲ)-/	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “reód”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language