purgar

Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin purgāre (“to purge; to clean”), from pūrus (“clean, pure”) + agō (“to make”).

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /puʁˈɡa(ʁ)/ [puɦˈɡa(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /puʁˈɡa(ʁ)/ [puɦˈɡa(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /puɾˈɡa(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /puʁˈɡa(ʁ)/ [puʁˈɡa(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /puɻˈɡa(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /puɾˈɡaɾ/ [puɾˈɣaɾ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /puɾˈɡaɾ/ [puɾˈɣaɾ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /puɾˈɡa.ɾi/ [puɾˈɣa.ɾi]

• Hyphenation: pur‧gar

Verb

purgar (first-person singular present purgo, first-person singular preterite purguei, past participle purgado)

1. to purge (clean thoroughly; cleanse; rid of impurities)
2. (religion) to purge (free from sin, guilt, or the burden or responsibility of misdeeds)

   Synonyms: absolver, redimir, remir

3. (medicine) to give laxatives

Conjugation

    Conjugation of purgar (g-gu alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	purgar
Personal	purgar	purgares	purgar	purgarmos	purgardes	purgarem
Gerund
	purgando
Past participle
Masculine	purgado			purgados
Feminine	purgada			purgadas
Indicative
Present	purgo	purgas	purga	purgamos	purgais	purgam
Imperfect	purgava	purgavas	purgava	purgávamos	purgáveis	purgavam
Preterite	purguei	purgaste	purgou	purgamos1, purgámos2	purgastes	purgaram
Pluperfect	purgara	purgaras	purgara	purgáramos	purgáreis	purgaram
Future	purgarei	purgarás	purgará	purgaremos	purgareis	purgarão
Conditional	purgaria	purgarias	purgaria	purgaríamos	purgaríeis	purgariam
Subjunctive
Present	purgue	purgues	purgue	purguemos	purgueis	purguem
Imperfect	purgasse	purgasses	purgasse	purgássemos	purgásseis	purgassem
Future	purgar	purgares	purgar	purgarmos	purgardes	purgarem
Imperative
Affirmative		purga	purgue	purguemos	purgai	purguem
Negative (não)		não purgues	não purgue	não purguemos	não purgueis	não purguem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Synonyms

• (to clean): See Thesaurus:limpar

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “to clean”): See Thesaurus:limpar

Related terms

• purga
• purgação
• purgado
• purgador
• purgante
• purgatina
• purgativa
• purgativo
• purgatorial
• purgatório

 

Serbo-Croatian

Alternative forms

• purger

Etymology

Borrowed from German Bürger.

Noun

pȕrgar m (Cyrillic spelling пу̏ргар)

1. burgher
2. a citizen of Zagreb

Related terms

• građanin

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin purgāre (“to purge; to clean”), from pūrus (“clean, pure”) + agō (“to make”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /puɾˈɡaɾ/ [puɾˈɣ̞aɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: pur‧gar

Verb

purgar (first-person singular present purgo, first-person singular preterite purgué, past participle purgado)

1. (transitive) to purge
2. (religion, transitive) to purge

   Synonym: expiar

   • 1898, Benito Pérez Galdós, De Oñate a la Granja, Chapter I:

     ha venido usted a purgar el pecado de meterse a redentor

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

3. (transitive) to drain
4. (transitive) to bleed (to remove air bubbles from a pipe containing other fluids)

   purgar el radiador

   drain the radiator

Conjugation

    Conjugation of purgar (g-gu alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			purgar
gerund			purgando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		purgado		purgada
		plural		purgados		purgadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	purgo	purgastú purgásvos	purga	purgamos	purgáis	purgan
	imperfect	purgaba	purgabas	purgaba	purgábamos	purgabais	purgaban
	preterite	purgué	purgaste	purgó	purgamos	purgasteis	purgaron
	future	purgaré	purgarás	purgará	purgaremos	purgaréis	purgarán
	conditional	purgaría	purgarías	purgaría	purgaríamos	purgaríais	purgarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	purgue	purguestú purguésvos2	purgue	purguemos	purguéis	purguen
	imperfect (ra)	purgara	purgaras	purgara	purgáramos	purgarais	purgaran
	imperfect (se)	purgase	purgases	purgase	purgásemos	purgaseis	purgasen
	future1	purgare	purgares	purgare	purgáremos	purgareis	purgaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		purgatú purgávos	purgue	purguemos	purgad	purguen
	negative		no purgues	no purgue	no purguemos	no purguéis	no purguen

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of purgar (g-gu alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive purgar	dative	purgarme	purgarte	purgarle, purgarse	purgarnos	purgaros	purgarles, purgarse
	accusative	purgarme	purgarte	purgarlo, purgarla, purgarse	purgarnos	purgaros	purgarlos, purgarlas, purgarse
with gerund purgando	dative	purgándome	purgándote	purgándole, purgándose	purgándonos	purgándoos	purgándoles, purgándose
	accusative	purgándome	purgándote	purgándolo, purgándola, purgándose	purgándonos	purgándoos	purgándolos, purgándolas, purgándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative purga	dative	púrgame	púrgate	púrgale	púrganos	not used	púrgales
	accusative	púrgame	púrgate	púrgalo, púrgala	púrganos	not used	púrgalos, púrgalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative purgá	dative	purgame	purgate	purgale	purganos	not used	purgales
	accusative	purgame	purgate	purgalo, purgala	purganos	not used	purgalos, purgalas
with formal second-person singular imperative purgue	dative	púrgueme	not used	púrguele, púrguese	púrguenos	not used	púrgueles
	accusative	púrgueme	not used	púrguelo, púrguela, púrguese	púrguenos	not used	púrguelos, púrguelas
with first-person plural imperative purguemos	dative	not used	purguémoste	purguémosle	purguémonos	purguémoos	purguémosles
	accusative	not used	purguémoste	purguémoslo, purguémosla	purguémonos	purguémoos	purguémoslos, purguémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative purgad	dative	purgadme	not used	purgadle	purgadnos	purgaos	purgadles
	accusative	purgadme	not used	purgadlo, purgadla	purgadnos	purgaos	purgadlos, purgadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative purguen	dative	púrguenme	not used	púrguenle	púrguennos	not used	púrguenles, púrguense
	accusative	púrguenme	not used	púrguenlo, púrguenla	púrguennos	not used	púrguenlos, púrguenlas, púrguense

Derived terms

• purgable
• purgación
• purgador
• purgamiento
• purgativo

 

Further reading

• “purgar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10