protester

English

Alternative forms

• protestor

Etymology

From protest +‎ -er.

Pronunciation

• (US) IPA^(key): /pɹəˈtɛstəɹ/, /ˈpɹoʊtɛstəɹ/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

Noun

protester (plural protesters)

1. One who protests, either alone or in a public display of group feeling.

   The protesters thronged Trafalgar Square and sang anti-war songs.

   • 2013 June 7, Gary Younge, “Hypocrisy lies at heart of Manning prosecution”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 26, page 18:

     The dispatches […] also exposed the blatant discrepancy between the west's professed values and actual foreign policies. Having lectured the Arab world about democracy for years, its collusion in suppressing freedom was undeniable as protesters were met by weaponry and tear gas made in the west, employed by a military trained by westerners.

2. (law) One who protests a bill of exchange, or note.
   • 1997, Charles Evan Stewart, Transnational Contracts, volume 1, page 96:

     The protester must also draw up an affidavit containing the literal reproduction of the bill with its acceptance, endorsements, guarantee by endorsement ("aval"), and anything else contained in the note […]

Hyponyms

• tax protester
• demonstrator

Translations

person who protests

• Arabic: مُتَظَاهِر (mutaẓāhir)
• Armenian: բողոքավոր (hy) (boġokʻavor), ցուցարար (hy) (cʻucʻarar)
• Belarusian: пратэсту́ючы m (pratestújučy), пратэсту́ючая f (pratestújučaja), пратэсто́вец m (pratestóvjec), пратэсто́ўка f (pratestóŭka)
• Bulgarian: протести́ращ (bg) m (protestírašt), протести́раща (bg) f (protestírašta)
• Catalan: protestant (ca) m or f, manifestant (ca) m or f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 抗議者／抗议者 (zh) (kàngyìzhě)

• Czech: protestující m or f
• Esperanto: protestanto
• Estonian: meeleavaldaja
• Finnish: mielenosoittaja (fi), protestoija
• French: manifestant (fr) m, manifestante (fr) f
• Georgian: please add this translation if you can
• German: Protestant (de) m, Protestierender (de) m, Protestierer (de) m, Protestler (de) m
• Greek: διαδηλωτής (el) m (diadilotís)
• Hebrew: please add this translation if you can
• Hungarian: tiltakozó (hu), protestáló, tüntető (hu)
• Icelandic: mótmælandi m
• Ido: protestanto (io)
• Irish: agóideoir m, gearánaí m, clamhsánaí m
• Italian: protestatore m, protestatrice f, contestatore (it) m, contestatrice (it) f
• Japanese: 抗議者 (こうぎしゃ, kōgisha)
• Korean: 시위자 (siwija), 시위대(示威隊) (siwidae) (very common collective plural), 데모꾼 (demokkun) (derogatory)
• Latvian: please add this translation if you can
• Lithuanian: please add this translation if you can
• Maori: kaimautohe, kaiporotēhe
• Occitan: manifestant m or f
• Persian: معترض (fa) (mo'tarez)
• Polish: protestujący m, protestująca f
• Portuguese: manifestante (pt) m or f, protestante (pt) m or f
• Romanian: manifestant (ro) m, protestatar (ro) m
• Russian: протесту́ющий (ru) m (protestújuščij), протесту́ющая (ru) f (protestújuščaja), демонстра́нт (ru) m (demonstránt), демонстра́нтка (ru) f (demonstrántka)
• Serbo-Croatian: please add this translation if you can
• Slovak: protestujúci m, protestujúca f
• Spanish: protestante (es) m, manifestante (es) m, protestatario m
• Swahili: mwandamanaji
• Swedish: demonstrant (sv) c, (rare) protestant (sv) c
• Thai: please add this translation if you can
• Turkish: please add this translation if you can
• Ukrainian: протестува́льник m (protestuválʹnyk), протестува́льниця f (protestuválʹnycja), протесту́ючий m (protestújučyj), протесту́юча f (protestújuča)
• Vietnamese: người biểu tình

See also

• dissenter
• dissident

Anagrams

• potterers, reportest

French

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin prōtestārī.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pʁɔ.tɛs.te/

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

protester

1. to protest; to object

Conjugation

Conjugation of protester (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	protester
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	protestant /pʁɔ.tɛs.tɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		protesté /pʁɔ.tɛs.te/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	proteste /pʁɔ.tɛst/	protestes /pʁɔ.tɛst/	proteste /pʁɔ.tɛst/	protestons /pʁɔ.tɛs.tɔ̃/	protestez /pʁɔ.tɛs.te/	protestent /pʁɔ.tɛst/
	imperfect	protestais /pʁɔ.tɛs.tɛ/	protestais /pʁɔ.tɛs.tɛ/	protestait /pʁɔ.tɛs.tɛ/	protestions /pʁɔ.tɛs.tjɔ̃/	protestiez /pʁɔ.tɛs.tje/	protestaient /pʁɔ.tɛs.tɛ/
	past historic2	protestai /pʁɔ.tɛs.te/	protestas /pʁɔ.tɛs.ta/	protesta /pʁɔ.tɛs.ta/	protestâmes /pʁɔ.tɛs.tam/	protestâtes /pʁɔ.tɛs.tat/	protestèrent /pʁɔ.tɛs.tɛʁ/
	future	protesterai /pʁɔ.tɛs.tə.ʁe/	protesteras /pʁɔ.tɛs.tə.ʁa/	protestera /pʁɔ.tɛs.tə.ʁa/	protesterons /pʁɔ.tɛs.tə.ʁɔ̃/	protesterez /pʁɔ.tɛs.tə.ʁe/	protesteront /pʁɔ.tɛs.tə.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	protesterais /pʁɔ.tɛs.tə.ʁɛ/	protesterais /pʁɔ.tɛs.tə.ʁɛ/	protesterait /pʁɔ.tɛs.tə.ʁɛ/	protesterions /pʁɔ.tɛs.tə.ʁjɔ̃/	protesteriez /pʁɔ.tɛs.tə.ʁje/	protesteraient /pʁɔ.tɛs.tə.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	proteste /pʁɔ.tɛst/	protestes /pʁɔ.tɛst/	proteste /pʁɔ.tɛst/	protestions /pʁɔ.tɛs.tjɔ̃/	protestiez /pʁɔ.tɛs.tje/	protestent /pʁɔ.tɛst/
	imperfect2	protestasse /pʁɔ.tɛs.tas/	protestasses /pʁɔ.tɛs.tas/	protestât /pʁɔ.tɛs.ta/	protestassions /pʁɔ.tɛs.ta.sjɔ̃/	protestassiez /pʁɔ.tɛs.ta.sje/	protestassent /pʁɔ.tɛs.tas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	proteste /pʁɔ.tɛst/	—	protestons /pʁɔ.tɛs.tɔ̃/	protestez /pʁɔ.tɛs.te/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

• protestation

Related terms

• contester
• attester

Further reading

• “protester”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Latin

Verb

prōtester

1. first-person singular present active subjunctive of prōtestor

Middle French

Verb

protester

1. to claim
   • 1552, François Rabelais, Le Tiers Livre:

     Lucillius, lequel protestoit n'escrire que a ses Tarentins & Consentinois

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Conjugation

• Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.

Conjugation of protester

infinitive	simple	protester
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle1 or gerund2	simple	protestant
	compound	present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle		protesté
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ie (i’)	tu	il, elle	nous	vous	ilz, elles
(simple tenses)	present	proteste	protestes	proteste	protestons	protestez	protestent
	imperfect	protestois, protestoys	protestois, protestoys	protestoit, protestoyt	protestions, protestyons	protestiez, protestyez	protestoient, protestoyent
	past historic	protesta	protestas	protesta	protestasmes	protestastes	protesterent
	future	protesterai, protesteray	protesteras	protestera	protesterons	protesterez	protesteront
	conditional	protesterois, protesteroys	protesterois, protesteroys	protesteroit, protesteroyt	protesterions, protesteryons	protesteriez, protesteryez	protesteroient, protesteroyent
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que ie (i’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	proteste	protestes	proteste	protestons	protestez	protestent
	imperfect	protestasse	protestasses	protestast	protestassions	protestassiez	protestassent
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	proteste	—	protestons	protestez	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180).

Norwegian Bokmål

Noun

protester m

1. indefinite plural of protest

Verb

protester

1. imperative of protestere

Swedish

Noun

protester

1. indefinite plural of protest