peruna
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Finnish
[edit]
Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Late Old Swedish pærun (“pear”) (compare dialectal Finnish Swedish pärun, perun and standard Swedish päron). Originally meant “pear”, in which sense it has been attested since the time of Mikael Agricola (16th century). When potatoes were first introduced to Finland in the 18th century, they were usually called maaperuna (literally “earth-pear”) (compare Swedish jordpäron (“potato”), German Erdbirne (“potato”, literally “earth-pear”), Grundbirne (literally “ground-pear”)). peruna in its modern sense is first mentioned in a 1787 dictionary by Christfried Ganander.[1][2][3] As the potato grew in relevance, there was pressure to shorten the name to simply peruna, as potatoes quickly become much more relevant for Finnish speakers than pears. For the sense “pear”, the doublet päärynä came about as a more recent borrowing from Swedish, and ambiguity was thus avoided.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]peruna
- potato, Solanum tuberosum (plant and the tuber)
- (obsolete) Synonym of päärynä (“pear”)
Declension
[edit]| Inflection of peruna (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | peruna | perunat | |
| genitive | perunan | perunoiden perunoitten | |
| partitive | perunaa | perunoita | |
| illative | perunaan | perunoihin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | peruna | perunat | |
| accusative | nom. | peruna | perunat |
| gen. | perunan | ||
| genitive | perunan | perunoiden perunoitten perunain rare | |
| partitive | perunaa | perunoita | |
| inessive | perunassa | perunoissa | |
| elative | perunasta | perunoista | |
| illative | perunaan | perunoihin | |
| adessive | perunalla | perunoilla | |
| ablative | perunalta | perunoilta | |
| allative | perunalle | perunoille | |
| essive | perunana | perunoina | |
| translative | perunaksi | perunoiksi | |
| abessive | perunatta | perunoitta | |
| instructive | — | perunoin | |
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | ||
Derived terms
[edit]compounds
- herkkuperuna
- keitinperuna
- kermaperuna
- kokoperunat
- kumiperuna
- kuoriperuna
- lankkuperuna
- lihaperunalaatikko
- liha-perunavuoka
- lohkoperuna
- makkaraperunat
- paistinperuna
- palloperuna
- pannuperuna
- pariisinperunat
- peruna-ankeroinen
- perunahiutale
- perunajauho
- perunakappa
- perunakattila
- perunakeitto
- perunakellari
- perunakuokka
- perunakuoppa
- perunakuoriainen
- perunakuutio
- perunalaari
- perunalaatikko
- perunalajike
- perunalastu
- perunaleivos
- perunalettu
- perunalimppu
- perunalohko
- perunalumi
- perunamaa
- perunamakkara
- perunamuhennos
- perunamuusi
- perunamylly
- perunamämmi
- perunanenä
- perunanhitu
- perunanistutus
- perunanistutuskone
- perunanitu
- perunankukka
- perunankuori
- perunankuorimaveitsi
- perunankuorimisveitsi
- perunankylvö
- perunanlohko
- perunanmukula
- perunannostaja
- perunannosto
- perunannostokone
- perunanpano
- perunansiemen
- perunantaimi
- perunanuija
- perunanvarsi
- perunanviljely
- perunaohukainen
- perunapelto
- perunapenkki
- perunapiirakka
- perunapuuro
- perunarieska
- perunarupi
- perunarutto
- perunarösti
- perunasalaatti
- perunasarka
- perunasato
- perunaskonssi
- perunasoppa
- perunasose
- perunasurvin
- perunasuurimo
- perunasyöpä
- perunasäkki
- perunateatteri
- perunateollisuus
- perunatärkkelys
- perunavako
- perunavalmiste
- perunavesi
- perunaviina
- perunaviipale
- perunaviljelmä
- perunaviljelys
- puikulaperuna
- ranskalaiset perunat
- ranskanperuna
- ranskanperunat
- rehuperuna
- ristikkoperuna
- ruokaperuna
- röstiperunat
- siemenperuna
- silakkaperunat
- sohvaperuna
- tikkuperuna
- tulivuoriperuna
- uuniperuna
- valkosipuliperunat
- varhaisperuna
- veneperuna
References
[edit]- ^ Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “peruna”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words][1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
- ^ Häkkinen, Kaisa (2004) Nykysuomen etymologinen sanakirja [Modern Finnish Etymological Dictionary] (in Finnish), Juva: WSOY, →ISBN
- ^ Sanojen alkuperästä: Peruna ja päärynä (Kotus)
Further reading
[edit]- “peruna”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
Anagrams
[edit]Icelandic
[edit]Noun
[edit]peruna
Categories:
- Finnish terms borrowed from Late Old Swedish
- Finnish terms derived from Late Old Swedish
- Finnish doublets
- Finnish 3-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Finnish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/erunɑ
- Rhymes:Finnish/erunɑ/3 syllables
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish nouns
- Finnish terms with usage examples
- Finnish terms with obsolete senses
- Finnish kulkija-type nominals
- fi:Potatoes
- fi:Vegetables
- Icelandic non-lemma forms
- Icelandic noun forms