panama

See also: Panama, panamá, Panamá, panamà, Panamà, Panamâ, and paṇāma

English

Noun

panama (plural panamas)

1. Alternative form of Panama (“type of hat”)
   • 1918, Schedules M and N, free list, customs administration and income tax; subject index, page 1515:

     The difference between the two classifications has always been intended to cover unblocked and untrimmed hat bodies, such as panamas, bangkoks, and leghorns, and other hats which are woven by the natives in South American and oriental countries where they are produced.

Anagrams

• Anampa

Finnish

Etymology

From English Panama (weave).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpɑnɑmɑ/, [ˈpɑ̝nɑ̝mɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -ɑnɑmɑ
• Hyphenation^(key): pa‧na‧ma

Noun

panama

1. Panama weave

Declension

Inflection of panama (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominative		panama	panamat
genitive		panaman	panamojen
partitive		panamaa	panamoja
illative		panamaan	panamoihin
		singular	plural
nominative		panama	panamat
accusative	nom.	panama	panamat
	gen.	panaman
genitive		panaman	panamojen panamain rare
partitive		panamaa	panamoja
inessive		panamassa	panamoissa
elative		panamasta	panamoista
illative		panamaan	panamoihin
adessive		panamalla	panamoilla
ablative		panamalta	panamoilta
allative		panamalle	panamoille
essive		panamana	panamoina
translative		panamaksi	panamoiksi
abessive		panamatta	panamoitta
instructive		—	panamoin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of panama (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative panamani panamani accusative nom. panamani panamani gen. panamani genitive panamani panamojeni panamaini rare partitive panamaani panamojani inessive panamassani panamoissani elative panamastani panamoistani illative panamaani panamoihini adessive panamallani panamoillani ablative panamaltani panamoiltani allative panamalleni panamoilleni essive panamanani panamoinani translative panamakseni panamoikseni abessive panamattani panamoittani instructive — — comitative — panamoineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative panamasi panamasi accusative nom. panamasi panamasi gen. panamasi genitive panamasi panamojesi panamaisi rare partitive panamaasi panamojasi inessive panamassasi panamoissasi elative panamastasi panamoistasi illative panamaasi panamoihisi adessive panamallasi panamoillasi ablative panamaltasi panamoiltasi allative panamallesi panamoillesi essive panamanasi panamoinasi translative panamaksesi panamoiksesi abessive panamattasi panamoittasi instructive — — comitative — panamoinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative panamamme panamamme accusative nom. panamamme panamamme gen. panamamme genitive panamamme panamojemme panamaimme rare partitive panamaamme panamojamme inessive panamassamme panamoissamme elative panamastamme panamoistamme illative panamaamme panamoihimme adessive panamallamme panamoillamme ablative panamaltamme panamoiltamme allative panamallemme panamoillemme essive panamanamme panamoinamme translative panamaksemme panamoiksemme abessive panamattamme panamoittamme instructive — — comitative — panamoinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative panamanne panamanne accusative nom. panamanne panamanne gen. panamanne genitive panamanne panamojenne panamainne rare partitive panamaanne panamojanne inessive panamassanne panamoissanne elative panamastanne panamoistanne illative panamaanne panamoihinne adessive panamallanne panamoillanne ablative panamaltanne panamoiltanne allative panamallenne panamoillenne essive panamananne panamoinanne translative panamaksenne panamoiksenne abessive panamattanne panamoittanne instructive — — comitative — panamoinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative panamansa panamansa accusative nom. panamansa panamansa gen. panamansa genitive panamansa panamojensa panamainsa rare partitive panamaansa panamojaan panamojansa inessive panamassaan panamassansa panamoissaan panamoissansa elative panamastaan panamastansa panamoistaan panamoistansa illative panamaansa panamoihinsa adessive panamallaan panamallansa panamoillaan panamoillansa ablative panamaltaan panamaltansa panamoiltaan panamoiltansa allative panamalleen panamallensa panamoilleen panamoillensa essive panamanaan panamanansa panamoinaan panamoinansa translative panamakseen panamaksensa panamoikseen panamoiksensa abessive panamattaan panamattansa panamoittaan panamoittansa instructive — — comitative — panamoineen panamoinensa

Derived terms

compounds

• panamasidos

Further reading

• “panama”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

French

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

panama m (plural panamas)

1. Panama hat

Further reading

• “panama”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈpɒnɒmɒ]
• Hyphenation: pa‧na‧ma
• Rhymes: -mɒ

Etymology 1

Borrowed from German Panama (“financial scandal, bribery”) or from German Panama-Skandal (“Panama scandals”).

Noun

panama (plural panamák)

1. large-scale bribery, embezzlement or fraud, where an official provides an advantage to themselves or an associated person or company, resulting in harm to the public

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	panama	panamák
accusative	panamát	panamákat
dative	panamának	panamáknak
instrumental	panamával	panamákkal
causal-final	panamáért	panamákért
translative	panamává	panamákká
terminative	panamáig	panamákig
essive-formal	panamaként	panamákként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	panamában	panamákban
superessive	panamán	panamákon
adessive	panamánál	panamáknál
illative	panamába	panamákba
sublative	panamára	panamákra
allative	panamához	panamákhoz
elative	panamából	panamákból
delative	panamáról	panamákról
ablative	panamától	panamáktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	panamáé	panamáké
non-attributive possessive - plural	panamáéi	panamákéi

Possessive forms of panama
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	panamám	panamáim
2nd person sing.	panamád	panamáid
3rd person sing.	panamája	panamái
1st person plural	panamánk	panamáink
2nd person plural	panamátok	panamáitok
3rd person plural	panamájuk	panamáik

Etymology 2

(sense hat): Ellipsis of panamakalap.

(sense fabric): Borrowed from German Panama (“loosely woven fabric”).

Noun

panama (plural panamák)

1. Panama hat

   Synonym: panamakalap

2. Panama fabric (a loosely woven, light, airy fabric)

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	panama	panamák
accusative	panamát	panamákat
dative	panamának	panamáknak
instrumental	panamával	panamákkal
causal-final	panamáért	panamákért
translative	panamává	panamákká
terminative	panamáig	panamákig
essive-formal	panamaként	panamákként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	panamában	panamákban
superessive	panamán	panamákon
adessive	panamánál	panamáknál
illative	panamába	panamákba
sublative	panamára	panamákra
allative	panamához	panamákhoz
elative	panamából	panamákból
delative	panamáról	panamákról
ablative	panamától	panamáktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	panamáé	panamáké
non-attributive possessive - plural	panamáéi	panamákéi

Possessive forms of panama
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	panamám	panamáim
2nd person sing.	panamád	panamáid
3rd person sing.	panamája	panamái
1st person plural	panamánk	panamáink
2nd person plural	panamátok	panamáitok
3rd person plural	panamájuk	panamáik

Further reading

• (embezzlement): panama in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
• (Panama hat): panama in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Italian

Noun

panama m (invariable)

1. Panama hat
2. basketweave

   Synonym: nattè

Old Tupi

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *panam, from Proto-Tupian.

Cognate with Guaraní panambi.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pãˈnã.ma/
• Rhymes: -ãma
• Hyphenation: pa‧na‧ma

Noun

panama (unpossessable)

1. butterfly

   Synonyms: panapanã, panapanama

Derived terms

• panamoby

Descendants

• >? Portuguese: panapaná, panapanã

Further reading

• Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “panama”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 370, columns 1–2

Romanian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from French panama.

Noun

panama f (plural panamale)

1. Panama hat

Declension

	singular			plural
	indefinite	definite		indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	panama	panamaua		panamale	panamalele
genitive-dative	panamale	panamalei		panamale	panamalelor
vocative	panama			panamalelor

Etymology 2

From Panama, from the 1893 French scandal on the building attempt of the Panama Canal.

Noun

panama f (plural panamale)

1. large scale financial fraud

Declension

	singular			plural
	indefinite	definite		indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	panama	panamaua		panamale	panamalele
genitive-dative	panamale	panamalei		panamale	panamalelor
vocative	panama			panamalelor