ontua
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Finnish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Unknown. Related to Karelian ontuo and possibly dialectal Estonian õnduma (“to live in harsh conditions, cope”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]ontua
- (intransitive) to limp
- (intransitive, figuratively) to encounter problems or setbacks, not go smoothly
Conjugation
[edit]Inflection of ontua (Kotus type 52*J/sanoa, nt-nn gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | onnun | en onnu | 1st sing. | olen ontunut | en ole ontunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | onnut | et onnu | 2nd sing. | olet ontunut | et ole ontunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | ontuu | ei onnu | 3rd sing. | on ontunut | ei ole ontunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | onnumme | emme onnu | 1st plur. | olemme ontuneet | emme ole ontuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | onnutte | ette onnu | 2nd plur. | olette ontuneet | ette ole ontuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | ontuvat | eivät onnu | 3rd plur. | ovat ontuneet | eivät ole ontuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | onnutaan | ei onnuta | passive | on onnuttu | ei ole onnuttu | ||||||||||||||||
past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | onnuin | en ontunut | 1st sing. | olin ontunut | en ollut ontunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | onnuit | et ontunut | 2nd sing. | olit ontunut | et ollut ontunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | ontui | ei ontunut | 3rd sing. | oli ontunut | ei ollut ontunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | onnuimme | emme ontuneet | 1st plur. | olimme ontuneet | emme olleet ontuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | onnuitte | ette ontuneet | 2nd plur. | olitte ontuneet | ette olleet ontuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | ontuivat | eivät ontuneet | 3rd plur. | olivat ontuneet | eivät olleet ontuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | onnuttiin | ei onnuttu | passive | oli onnuttu | ei ollut onnuttu | ||||||||||||||||
conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | ontuisin | en ontuisi | 1st sing. | olisin ontunut | en olisi ontunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | ontuisit | et ontuisi | 2nd sing. | olisit ontunut | et olisi ontunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | ontuisi | ei ontuisi | 3rd sing. | olisi ontunut | ei olisi ontunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | ontuisimme | emme ontuisi | 1st plur. | olisimme ontuneet | emme olisi ontuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | ontuisitte | ette ontuisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte ontuneet | ette olisi ontuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | ontuisivat | eivät ontuisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat ontuneet | eivät olisi ontuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | onnuttaisiin | ei onnuttaisi | passive | olisi onnuttu | ei olisi onnuttu | ||||||||||||||||
imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | onnu | älä onnu | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | ontukoon | älköön ontuko | 3rd sing. | olkoon ontunut | älköön olko ontunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | ontukaamme | älkäämme ontuko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | ontukaa | älkää ontuko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | ontukoot | älkööt ontuko | 3rd plur. | olkoot ontuneet | älkööt olko ontuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | onnuttakoon | älköön onnuttako | passive | olkoon onnuttu | älköön olko onnuttu | ||||||||||||||||
potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | ontunen | en ontune | 1st sing. | lienen ontunut | en liene ontunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | ontunet | et ontune | 2nd sing. | lienet ontunut | et liene ontunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | ontunee | ei ontune | 3rd sing. | lienee ontunut | ei liene ontunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | ontunemme | emme ontune | 1st plur. | lienemme ontuneet | emme liene ontuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | ontunette | ette ontune | 2nd plur. | lienette ontuneet | ette liene ontuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | ontunevat | eivät ontune | 3rd plur. | lienevät ontuneet | eivät liene ontuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | onnuttaneen | ei onnuttane | passive | lienee onnuttu | ei liene onnuttu | ||||||||||||||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
1st | ontua | present | ontuva | onnuttava | |||||||||||||||||
long 1st1 |
|
past | ontunut | onnuttu | |||||||||||||||||
2nd | inessive2 | ontuessa | onnuttaessa | agent4 | ontuma | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | ontumaton | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | ontuen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix.
2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
3rd | inessive | ontumassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
elative | ontumasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
illative | ontumaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
adessive | ontumalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
abessive | ontumatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | ontuman | onnuttaman | |||||||||||||||||||
4th3 | verbal noun | ontuminen | |||||||||||||||||||
5th1 |
|
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “ontua”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03