mšꜥ

Demotic

Etymology

From Egyptian (mšꜥ, “to march”).

Verb

⁠⁠⁠

1. (intransitive) to go, to walk, to travel

Descendants

• Bohairic Coptic: ⲙⲟϣⲓ (moši)
• Sahidic Coptic: ⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ (mooše)

References

• Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 96
• Johnson, Janet (2000) Thus Wrote ꜥOnchsheshonqy: An Introductory Grammar of Demotic‎^[1], third edition, Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, →ISBN, page 59
• Janet H. Johnson, editor (2001), The Demotic Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago‎^[2], volume M (10.1), Chicago: The University of Chicago, page 244

Egyptian

Wooden figures found in the tomb of Mesehti: of the 11th Dynasty

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /mɛʃɑː/
  • Conventional anglicization: mesha

Noun

 m

1. army
2. footsoldiers
3. workgang

Inflection

Declension of mšꜥ (masculine)

singular	mšꜥ
dual	mšꜥwj
plural	mšꜥw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of mšꜥ  

mšꜥ

Derived terms

• jmj-r-mšꜥ (“general, boss of a workgang”)
• jmj-r-mšꜥ-wr (“field marshal”)
• jdnw-n-mšꜥ (“colonel”)
• ꜥnḫ-n-mšꜥ (“infantryman”)
• mšꜥ qt (“scapula”)

Descendants

• Demotic: mšꜥ
  • Bohairic Coptic: ⲙⲏϣ (mēš)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ (mēēše)
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ⲙⲏⲏϣⲓ (mēēši), ⲙⲉϣⲓ (meši)
  • Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ (mēēše), ⲙⲏϣⲉ (mēše)
  • Akhmimic Coptic: ⲙⲓⲉⲓϣⲉ (mieiše), ⲙⲓϣⲉ (miše)

Noun

 m

1. campaign, military expedition

Inflection

Declension of mšꜥ (masculine)

singular	mšꜥ
dual	mšꜥwj
plural	mšꜥw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of mšꜥ  

mšꜥ	mšꜥ

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈmaʃʕaj/ → /ˈmaʃʕaj/ → /ˈmaʃʕə/ → /ˈmaʃʕə/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈmaʃʕaj/ (infinitive)
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈmaʃʕaj/ (infinitive)
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈmaʃʕə/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈmaʃʕə/ (infinitive)

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /mɛʃɑː/
  • Conventional anglicization: mesha

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (intransitive) to march
2. (intransitive) to campaign

Inflection

Conjugation of mšꜥ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: mšꜥ, geminated stem: mšꜥꜥ

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural mšꜥ mšꜥw, mšꜥ mšꜥt mšꜥ mšꜥ ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 mšꜥ ḥr mšꜥ m mšꜥ r mšꜥ suffix conjugation aspect / mood active contingent aspect / mood active perfect mšꜥ.n consecutive mšꜥ.jn terminative mšꜥt perfective3 mšꜥ obligative1 mšꜥ.ḫr imperfective mšꜥ prospective3 mšꜥ potentialis1 mšꜥ.kꜣ subjunctive mšꜥ verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active active passive perfect mšꜥ.n — — perfective mšꜥ mšꜥ mšꜥ, mšꜥw5, mšꜥy5 imperfective mšꜥ, mšꜥy, mšꜥw5 mšꜥ, mšꜥj6, mšꜥy6 mšꜥ, mšꜥw5 prospective mšꜥ, mšꜥtj7 mšꜥtj4, mšꜥt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of mšꜥ  

mšꜥ	mšꜥ	mšꜥ

Descendants

• Demotic: mšꜥ
  • Bohairic Coptic: ⲙⲟϣⲓ (moši)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ (mooše)

References

• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN
• Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 97