ljubiti

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ľubiti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ljaubī́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *lowbʰéyeti, from *lewbʰ-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʎǔːbiti/
• Hyphenation: lju‧bi‧ti

Verb

ljúbiti impf (Cyrillic spelling љу́бити)

1. (transitive) to kiss
2. (reflexive) to kiss each other
3. (ambitransitive) to love
4. (reflexive) to love each other
5. (transitive) to be devoted to
6. (transitive) to dote upon, idolize
7. (transitive) to fondle, hug

Conjugation

Conjugation of ljubiti

infinitive		ljubiti
present verbal adverb		ljúbēći
past verbal adverb		—
verbal noun		ljúbljēnje
		singular			plural
		1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
present		ljubim	ljubiš	ljubi	ljubimo	ljubite	ljube
future	future I	ljubit ću1 ljubiću	ljubit ćeš1 ljubićeš	ljubit će1 ljubiće	ljubit ćemo1 ljubićemo	ljubit ćete1 ljubićete	ljubit ćē1 ljubiće
	future II	bȕdēm ljubio2	bȕdēš ljubio2	bȕdē ljubio2	bȕdēmo ljubili2	bȕdēte ljubili2	bȕdū ljubili2
past	perfect	ljubio sam2	ljubio si2	ljubio je2	ljubili smo2	ljubili ste2	ljubili su2
	pluperfect3	bȉo sam ljubio2	bȉo si ljubio2	bȉo je ljubio2	bíli smo ljubili2	bíli ste ljubili2	bíli su ljubili2
	imperfect	ljubljah	ljubljaše	ljubljaše	ljubljasmo	ljubljaste	ljubljahu
conditional	conditional I	ljubio bih2	ljubio bi2	ljubio bi2	ljubili bismo2	ljubili biste2	ljubili bi2
	conditional II4	bȉo bih ljubio2	bȉo bi ljubio2	bȉo bi ljubio2	bíli bismo ljubili2	bíli biste ljubili2	bíli bi ljubili2
imperative		—	ljubi	—	ljubimo	ljubite	—
active past participle		ljubio m / ljubila f / ljubilo n			ljubili m / ljubile f / ljubila n
passive past participle		ljubljen m / ljubljena f / ljubljeno n			ljubljeni m / ljubljene f / ljubljena n

¹   Croatian spelling: others omit the infinitive suffix completely and bind the clitic.
²   For masculine nouns; a feminine or neuter agent would use the feminine and neuter gender forms of the active past participle and auxiliary verb, respectively.
³   Often replaced by the past perfect in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (“to be”) is routinely dropped.
⁴   Often replaced by the conditional I in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (“to be”) is routinely dropped.
  *Note: The aorist and imperfect were not present in, or have nowadays fallen into disuse in, many dialects and therefore they are routinely replaced by the past perfect in both formal and colloquial speech.

Derived terms

• izljúbiti
• obljúbiti
• poljúbiti
• priljúbiti
• sljúbiti
• zaljúbiti

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *ľubiti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ljaubī́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *lowbʰéyeti, from *lewbʰ-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ljubìːti/, /ljubíːti/, /ljùːbiti/, /ljúːbiti/
• Hyphenation: lju‧bi‧ti

Verb

ljubīti or ljūbiti impf

1. to love

   Antonym: sovražīti

   Ljubim te. ― I love you.

2. (reflexive) to make love

Conjugation

-iti -im
infinitive	ljubīti, ljūbiti
1st singular	ljūbim
infinitive	ljubīti, ljūbiti			ljūbit
supine	ljūbit
verbal noun	ljūbljenje
	participle			converb
present	ljubȅč			—
past	ljūbljen			—
l-participle	masculine		feminine		neuter
singular	ljūbił		ljubȋla		ljubílo
dual	ljubíla		ljubíli		ljubíli
plural	ljubíli		ljubíle		ljubíla
	present			imperative
1st singular	ljūbim			—
2nd singular	ljūbiš			ljūbi
3rd singular	ljūbi			—
1st dual	ljūbiva			ljūbiva, ljubȋva
2nd dual	ljūbita			ljūbita, ljubȋta
3rd dual	ljūbita			—
1st plural	ljūbimo			ljūbimo, ljubȋmo
2nd plural	ljūbite			ljūbite, ljubȋte
3rd plural	ljūbijo			—

Derived terms

• obljubīti
• poljubīti
• priljubīti
• vzljubīti
• zaljubīti
• zljubīti

Further reading

• “ljubiti”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2025