kvefja
Old Norse
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Germanic *kwabjaną (“to suffocate”).[1]
Verb
[edit]kvefja (singular past indicative kvafði, plural past indicative kvǫfðu, past participle kvafðr or kvafiðr)
- (transitive) to smother, suffocate; to choke
- (transitive) to submerge in water; to dip
- (impersonal, transitive) to sink
- (mediopassive) to dive, duck
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of kvefja — active (weak class 1)
| infinitive | kvefja | |
|---|---|---|
| present participle | kvefjandi | |
| past participle | kvafðr, kvafiðr | |
| indicative | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | kvef | kvafða |
| 2nd-person singular | kvefr | kvafðir |
| 3rd-person singular | kvefr | kvafði |
| 1st-person plural | kvefjum | kvǫfðum |
| 2nd-person plural | kvefið | kvǫfðuð |
| 3rd-person plural | kvefja | kvǫfðu |
| subjunctive | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | kvefja | kvefða |
| 2nd-person singular | kvefir | kvefðir |
| 3rd-person singular | kvefi | kvefði |
| 1st-person plural | kvefim | kvefðim |
| 2nd-person plural | kvefið | kvefðið |
| 3rd-person plural | kvefi | kvefði |
| imperative | present | |
| 2nd-person singular | kvef | |
| 1st-person plural | kvefjum | |
| 2nd-person plural | kvefið | |
Conjugation of kvefja — mediopassive (weak class 1)
| infinitive | kvefjask | |
|---|---|---|
| present participle | kvefjandisk | |
| past participle | kvafzk, kvafizk | |
| indicative | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | kvefjumk | kvǫfðumk |
| 2nd-person singular | kvefsk | kvafðisk |
| 3rd-person singular | kvefsk | kvafðisk |
| 1st-person plural | kvefjumsk | kvǫfðumsk |
| 2nd-person plural | kvefizk | kvǫfðuzk |
| 3rd-person plural | kvefjask | kvǫfðusk |
| subjunctive | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | kvefjumk | kvefðumk |
| 2nd-person singular | kvefisk | kvefðisk |
| 3rd-person singular | kvefisk | kvefðisk |
| 1st-person plural | kvefimsk | kvefðimsk |
| 2nd-person plural | kvefizk | kvefðizk |
| 3rd-person plural | kvefisk | kvefðisk |
| imperative | present | |
| 2nd-person singular | kvefsk | |
| 1st-person plural | kvefjumsk | |
| 2nd-person plural | kvefizk | |
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon (1989) “kvefja”, in Íslensk orðsifjabók, Reykjavík: Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies, →ISBN (Available at Málið.is under the “Eldri orðabækur” tab.)
Further reading
[edit]- Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “kvefja”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive