𐭪𐭫𐭲
Middle Persian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- 𐭪𐭥𐭲 (-krt /-kirt, -gird/), 𐭪𐭥𐭲𐭩 (-krty /-kirt, -gird/), 𐭪𐭫𐭲𐭩 (klty /-kirt, -gird/) — Inscriptional Pahlavi
- [Book Pahlavi needed] (-krt' /-kirt, -gird/) — Book Pahlavi
- -𐫃𐫏𐫡𐫅 (-gyrd) — Manichaean
Etymology
[edit]From Old Persian 𐎣𐎼𐎫 (k-r-t /karta/, “made, done”) (compare [Term?] (/duškarta/, “ill-done”)),[1][2] from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kr̥tás (“done, made”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make, construct”); see کردن (kardan) for more. Compare Ancient Greek Ζαδρακάρτα (Zadrakárta, “Zadracarta”),[3] an Old Iranian borrowing.
Akin to Inscriptional Parthian -𐭊𐭓𐭕 (-krt /-kirt, -gird/), 𐭃𐭎𐭕𐭊𐭓𐭕 (dstkrt /dastgird/, “estate”), 𐭇𐭔𐭕𐭓𐭊𐭓𐭕 (ḥštrkrt /Šahrgird/, “a Sasanian fortress”), Manichaean Sogdian 𐫡𐫟𐫘𐫏𐫗𐫤𐫀𐫏𐫐𐫏𐫡𐫔 (rxsyntʾykyrδ /əraxsinder-kird/, “Alexandria [in Roman Egypt]”),[4] and the Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian -կերտ (-kert, literally “made, done”), դաստ-ա-կերտ (dast-a-kert, “possession, property; building, village”, literally “handmade”), ձեռ-ա-կերտ (jeṙ-a-kert, “manufacture”), Տիգրան-ա-կերտ (Tigran-a-kert, “Tigranocerta”, literally “founded by Tigran”), Խոսրով-ա-կերտ (Xosrov-a-kert, literally “founded by Khosrov”),[2] Ալաշկերտ (Alaškert), Մանազկերտ (Manazkert), Մանաւազակերտ (Manawazakert), Ancient Greek Μαντζικέρτ (Mantzikért), Turkish Malazgirt, Ancient Greek φρούριον Γιλιγέρδων (phroúrion Giligérdōn).[5]
Compare kltk'.
Suffix
[edit]𐭪𐭫𐭲 • (klt /-kirt, -gird/)
Derived terms
[edit]- 𐫅𐫘𐫤𐫏𐫃𐫏𐫡𐫅 (dstygyrd), [Book Pahlavi needed] (YDEkrt'), [Book Pahlavi needed] (dstkrt'), 𐭣𐭮𐭲𐭪𐭫𐭲 (dstklt /dast(a)gird/, “estate”)
- [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾlxsyndrgyrd /Alaxsindargird/, “Alexandria in Roman Egypt”)[4]
- [Book Pahlavi needed] (plʾhwklt /Frāxkard/)
- [Book Pahlavi needed] (plškrt' /fraš(a)gird/)
- 𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭪𐭥𐭲 (štrkrty /Šahrgird/, “Sasanian fortress”)
- 𐭩𐭦𐭣𐭪𐭫𐭲𐭩 (yzdklty /Yazdgird/), 𐭩𐭦𐭣𐭪𐭥𐭲𐭩 (yzdkrty /Yazdgird/, “Yazdegerd”, literally “made by god”)
Borrowed terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Persian: ـگرد (-gerd, -gard), ـجرد (-jerd), ـکرت (-kert)
- دستجرد (dastjerd), دستگرد (dastgerd, “Dastgerd”)
- سوسنگرد (susangerd, “Susangerd”)
- دارابگرد (dârâbgard, “Darabgard”)
- بروجرد (borujerd, “Boroujerd”)
- بهرامجرد (bahrâmjerd, “Bahramjerd”)
- ولوگرد (valugerd), ولوجرد (valujerd, “Valujerd”)
- بشاگرد (bašâgard, “Bashagard”)
- ملازگرد (malâzgerd, “Malazgirt”)
- میلاجرد (milâjerd)
- طغرلجرد (toğroljerd)
- راهجرد (râhjerd)
- سامانجرد (sâmânjerd)
- بارانگرد (bârângerd)
- بختاجرد
- بزنجرد
- ولازجرد (valâzjerd)
- ولاشجرد (valâšjerd)
- بهجرد (behjerd)
- انجرد (anjerd)
- ساسانجرد (sâsânjerd)
- شاپورگرد (šâpurgerd)
- مهرجرد (mehrjerd, “a village and fort”)
- سیاوش گرد (siyâvaš gerd) attested in Shahnameh
- *آزادگرد (*-âzâdgerd), attested as اَزَادْجِرْد (azādjird) in al-Istakhri's al-masalik wa al-mamalik
- ایران گرده (irân gerda, garda?), ایران کرده (irân karda?, “Minar of Firuzabad?”, literally “made by Aryans?”) (hapax in Fars-Nama of Ibn al-Bakhi)
References
[edit]- ^ http://www.kavehfarrokh.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/index3.pdf
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Schmitt, Rüdiger (1987) “Armenia and Iran IV. Iranian influences in Armenian 1. General”, in Ehsan Yarshater, editor, Encyclopædia Iranica[1], volume 2, London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul, pages 445–459
- ^ Wiesehöfer, Josef (Kiel), “Zadracarta”, in: Brill’s New Pauly, Antiquity volumes edited by: Hubert Cancik and , Helmuth Schneider. Consulted online on 24 June 2017 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1574-9347_bnp_e12214250>
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Places and people in Central Asia and in the Graeco-Roman Near East : a multilingual gazetteer from select Pre-Islamic sources
- ^ Welt des Orients 19, 96-101, ISSN 0043-2547
- Middle Persian terms inherited from Old Persian
- Middle Persian terms derived from Old Persian
- Middle Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Middle Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Middle Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle Persian lemmas
- Middle Persian suffixes
- pal:Cities