kesereg
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Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Ugric *kᴕ̈ćɜ (kᴕ̈ćɜ-rɜ) (“bitter”)[1] + -eg (frequentative suffix).[2]
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]kesereg
- (intransitive) to grieve, lament over something
- (transitive, literary, archaic) to bring up in a bitter way (to talk or write about someone or something with grief)
Conjugation
[edit]conjugation of kesereg
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | kesergek | keseregsz | kesereg | kesergünk | keseregtek | keseregnek | |
Def. | kesergem | keserged | kesergi | keseregjük | kesergitek | kesergik | |||
2nd-p. o. | kesereglek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | keseregtem | keseregtél | kesergett | keseregtünk | keseregtetek | keseregtek | ||
Def. | keseregtem | keseregted | keseregte | keseregtük | keseregtétek | keseregték | |||
2nd-p. o. | keseregtelek | ― | |||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. keseregni fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | kesergék | kesergél | keserge | kesergénk | kesergétek | kesergének | ||
Def. | kesergém | kesergéd | kesergé | kesergénk | kesergétek | kesergék | |||
2nd-p. o. | kesergélek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. kesereg vala, kesergett vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | kesergendek | kesergendesz | kesergend | kesergendünk | kesergendetek | kesergendenek | ||
Def. | kesergendem | kesergended | kesergendi | kesergendjük | kesergenditek | kesergendik | |||
2nd-p. o. | kesergendelek | ― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | keseregnék | keseregnél | keseregne | keseregnénk | keseregnétek | keseregnének | |
Def. | keseregném | keseregnéd | keseregné | keseregnénk (or keseregnők) |
keseregnétek | keseregnék | |||
2nd-p. o. | keseregnélek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. kesergett volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | keseregjek | keseregj or keseregjél |
keseregjen | keseregjünk | keseregjetek | keseregjenek | |
Def. | keseregjem | keseregd or keseregjed |
keseregje | keseregjük | keseregjétek | keseregjék | |||
2nd-p. o. | keseregjelek | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. kesergett légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | keseregni | keseregnem | keseregned | keseregnie | keseregnünk | keseregnetek | keseregniük | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
kesergés | kesergő | kesergett | kesergendő | keseregve (keseregvén) | keseregtet | ||||
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs). | |||||||||
potential conjugation of kesereg
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | kesereghetek | kesereghetsz | kesereghet | kesereghetünk | kesereghettek | kesereghetnek | |
Def. | kesereghetem | keseregheted | keseregheti | kesereghetjük | kesereghetitek | kesereghetik | |||
2nd-p. o. | kesereghetlek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | kesereghettem | kesereghettél | kesereghetett | kesereghettünk | kesereghettetek | kesereghettek | ||
Def. | kesereghettem | kesereghetted | kesereghette | kesereghettük | kesereghettétek | kesereghették | |||
2nd-p. o. | kesereghettelek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | keseregheték | kesereghetél | kesereghete | keseregheténk | kesereghetétek | kesereghetének | ||
Def. | kesereghetém | kesereghetéd | keseregheté | keseregheténk | kesereghetétek | keseregheték | |||
2nd-p. o. | kesereghetélek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. kesereghet vala, kesereghetett vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | kesereghetendek or kesergandhatok |
kesereghetendesz or kesergandhatsz |
kesereghetend or kesergandhat |
kesereghetendünk or kesergandhatunk |
kesereghetendetek or kesergandhattok |
kesereghetendenek or kesergandhatnak | ||
Def. | kesereghetendem or kesergandhatom |
kesereghetended or kesergandhatod |
kesereghetendi or kesergandhatja |
kesereghetendjük or kesergandhatjuk |
kesereghetenditek or kesergandhatjátok |
kesereghetendik or kesergandhatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | kesereghetendelek or kesergandhatlak |
― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | kesereghetnék | kesereghetnél | kesereghetne | kesereghetnénk | kesereghetnétek | kesereghetnének | |
Def. | kesereghetném | kesereghetnéd | kesereghetné | kesereghetnénk (or kesereghetnők) |
kesereghetnétek | kesereghetnék | |||
2nd-p. o. | kesereghetnélek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. kesereghetett volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | kesereghessek | kesereghess or kesereghessél |
kesereghessen | kesereghessünk | kesereghessetek | kesereghessenek | |
Def. | kesereghessem | kesereghesd or kesereghessed |
kesereghesse | kesereghessük | kesereghessétek | kesereghessék | |||
2nd-p. o. | kesereghesselek | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. kesereghetett légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (kesereghetni) | (kesereghetnem) | (kesereghetned) | (kesereghetnie) | (kesereghetnünk) | (kesereghetnetek) | (kesereghetniük) | ||
Positive adjective | kesereghető | Neg. adj. | kesereghetetlen | Adv. part. | (kesereghetve / kesereghetvén) | ||||
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Entry #1787 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
- ^ kesereg in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
[edit]- kesereg in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Categories:
- Hungarian terms inherited from Proto-Ugric
- Hungarian terms derived from Proto-Ugric
- Hungarian verbs suffixed with -eg
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ɛɡ
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ɛɡ/3 syllables
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian verbs
- Hungarian intransitive verbs
- Hungarian transitive verbs
- Hungarian literary terms
- Hungarian terms with archaic senses
- Hungarian verbs with alternating stems