karjala

See also: Karjala

Finnish

Etymology

See Karjala.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɑrjɑlɑ/, [ˈkɑ̝rjɑ̝lɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -ɑrjɑlɑ
• Hyphenation^(key): kar‧ja‧la

Noun

karjala

1. The Karelian language; a Finno-Ugric language spoken by about 100,000 people in Karelia. It is closely related to Finnish.

Usage notes

In Karelian, as well as in Finnish, the names of languages are written with a lower case initial.

Declension

Inflection of karjala (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation)
nominative		karjala	karjalat
genitive		karjalan	karjaloiden karjaloitten
partitive		karjalaa	karjaloita
illative		karjalaan	karjaloihin
		singular	plural
nominative		karjala	karjalat
accusative	nom.	karjala	karjalat
	gen.	karjalan
genitive		karjalan	karjaloiden karjaloitten karjalain rare
partitive		karjalaa	karjaloita
inessive		karjalassa	karjaloissa
elative		karjalasta	karjaloista
illative		karjalaan	karjaloihin
adessive		karjalalla	karjaloilla
ablative		karjalalta	karjaloilta
allative		karjalalle	karjaloille
essive		karjalana	karjaloina
translative		karjalaksi	karjaloiksi
abessive		karjalatta	karjaloitta
instructive		—	karjaloin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of karjala (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative karjalani karjalani accusative nom. karjalani karjalani gen. karjalani genitive karjalani karjaloideni karjaloitteni karjalaini rare partitive karjalaani karjaloitani inessive karjalassani karjaloissani elative karjalastani karjaloistani illative karjalaani karjaloihini adessive karjalallani karjaloillani ablative karjalaltani karjaloiltani allative karjalalleni karjaloilleni essive karjalanani karjaloinani translative karjalakseni karjaloikseni abessive karjalattani karjaloittani instructive — — comitative — karjaloineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative karjalasi karjalasi accusative nom. karjalasi karjalasi gen. karjalasi genitive karjalasi karjaloidesi karjaloittesi karjalaisi rare partitive karjalaasi karjaloitasi inessive karjalassasi karjaloissasi elative karjalastasi karjaloistasi illative karjalaasi karjaloihisi adessive karjalallasi karjaloillasi ablative karjalaltasi karjaloiltasi allative karjalallesi karjaloillesi essive karjalanasi karjaloinasi translative karjalaksesi karjaloiksesi abessive karjalattasi karjaloittasi instructive — — comitative — karjaloinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative karjalamme karjalamme accusative nom. karjalamme karjalamme gen. karjalamme genitive karjalamme karjaloidemme karjaloittemme karjalaimme rare partitive karjalaamme karjaloitamme inessive karjalassamme karjaloissamme elative karjalastamme karjaloistamme illative karjalaamme karjaloihimme adessive karjalallamme karjaloillamme ablative karjalaltamme karjaloiltamme allative karjalallemme karjaloillemme essive karjalanamme karjaloinamme translative karjalaksemme karjaloiksemme abessive karjalattamme karjaloittamme instructive — — comitative — karjaloinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative karjalanne karjalanne accusative nom. karjalanne karjalanne gen. karjalanne genitive karjalanne karjaloidenne karjaloittenne karjalainne rare partitive karjalaanne karjaloitanne inessive karjalassanne karjaloissanne elative karjalastanne karjaloistanne illative karjalaanne karjaloihinne adessive karjalallanne karjaloillanne ablative karjalaltanne karjaloiltanne allative karjalallenne karjaloillenne essive karjalananne karjaloinanne translative karjalaksenne karjaloiksenne abessive karjalattanne karjaloittanne instructive — — comitative — karjaloinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative karjalansa karjalansa accusative nom. karjalansa karjalansa gen. karjalansa genitive karjalansa karjaloidensa karjaloittensa karjalainsa rare partitive karjalaansa karjaloitaan karjaloitansa inessive karjalassaan karjalassansa karjaloissaan karjaloissansa elative karjalastaan karjalastansa karjaloistaan karjaloistansa illative karjalaansa karjaloihinsa adessive karjalallaan karjalallansa karjaloillaan karjaloillansa ablative karjalaltaan karjalaltansa karjaloiltaan karjaloiltansa allative karjalalleen karjalallensa karjaloilleen karjaloillensa essive karjalanaan karjalanansa karjaloinaan karjaloinansa translative karjalakseen karjalaksensa karjaloikseen karjaloiksensa abessive karjalattaan karjalattansa karjaloittaan karjaloittansa instructive — — comitative — karjaloineen karjaloinensa

Synonyms

• karjalan kieli

Derived terms

• karjalantaa

 

compounds

• aunuksenkarjala
• karjala-aunus
• karjalankielinen
• livvinkarjala
• pohjoiskarjala
• tverinkarjala
• varsinaiskarjala
• vienankarjala

 

Related terms

• Karjala

Further reading

• “karjala”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic [Term?]. Cognates include Finnish karjala and Karelian karjala / kariela.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈkɑrjɑlɑ/, [ˈkɑrjəɫ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈkɑrjɑlɑ/, [ˈkɑrjɑɫɑ]
• Rhymes: -ɑrjɑl, -ɑrjɑlɑ
• Hyphenation: kar‧ja‧la

Noun

karjala

1. (in the plural) Karelians
2. (in the singular) Karelian language
3. (in the plural, dated, rare) Ingrians
4. (in the singular, dated, rare) Ingrian language

Declension

Declension of karjala (type 3/kana, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	karjala	karjalat
genitive	karjalan	karjaloin
partitive	karjalaa	karjaloja
illative	karjalaa	karjaloihe
inessive	karjalaas	karjalois
elative	karjalast	karjaloist
allative	karjalalle	karjaloille
adessive	karjalaal	karjaloil
ablative	karjalalt	karjaloilt
translative	karjalaks	karjaloiks
essive	karjalanna, karjalaan	karjaloinna, karjaloin
exessive1)	karjalant	karjaloint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Synonyms

• (Ingrian): ižora

Derived terms

• Karjala
• karjalain

 

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 137

Karelian

Regional variants of karjala

North Karelian (Viena)	karjala
South Karelian (Tver)	kariela

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic [Term?]. Cognates include Finnish karjala and Ingrian karjala.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɑrjɑlɑ/
• Hyphenation: kar‧ja‧la

Noun

karjala (genitive karjalan, partitive karjalua)

1. (North Karelian) Karelian language

Declension

Viena Karelian declension of karjala (type 4/kala, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	karjala	karjalat
genitive	karjalan	karjalojen
partitive	karjalua	karjaloja
illative	karjalah	karjaloih
inessive	karjalašša	karjaloissa
elative	karjalašta	karjaloista
adessive	karjalalla	karjaloilla
ablative	karjalalta	karjaloilta
translative	karjalakši	karjaloiksi
essive	karjalana	karjaloina
comitative	—	karjaloineh
abessive	karjalatta	karjaloitta

Possessive forms of karjala
1st person	karjalani
2nd person	karjalaš
3rd person	karjalah
*) Possessive forms are very rare for adjectives and only used in substantivised clauses.

References

• P. M. Zaykov et al. (2015) “карельский”, in Venäjä-Viena Šanakirja [Russian-Viena Karelian Dictionary], →ISBN