kapsahtaa

Finnish

Etymology

kapsaa +‎ -ahtaa

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɑpsɑhtɑːˣ/, [ˈkɑ̝ps̠ɑ̝xt̪ɑ̝ː(ʔ)]
• Rhymes: -ɑpsɑhtɑː
• Hyphenation^(key): kap‧sah‧taa

Verb

kapsahtaa

1. (intransitive) to fall down, to plummet

   Ken kuuseen kurkottaa, se katajaan kapsahtaa.

   If you reach for something that is far too good for you, it is not going to end well.

   Literally: Whoever reaches for the spruce, falls down onto the juniper. See: wikiquote:Finnish proverbs

Conjugation

Inflection of kapsahtaa (Kotus type 53*F/muistaa, t-d gradation)
indicative mood
present tense				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		kapsahdan	en kapsahda	1st sing.	olen kapsahtanut	en ole kapsahtanut
2nd sing.		kapsahdat	et kapsahda	2nd sing.	olet kapsahtanut	et ole kapsahtanut
3rd sing.		kapsahtaa	ei kapsahda	3rd sing.	on kapsahtanut	ei ole kapsahtanut
1st plur.		kapsahdamme	emme kapsahda	1st plur.	olemme kapsahtaneet	emme ole kapsahtaneet
2nd plur.		kapsahdatte	ette kapsahda	2nd plur.	olette kapsahtaneet	ette ole kapsahtaneet
3rd plur.		kapsahtavat	eivät kapsahda	3rd plur.	ovat kapsahtaneet	eivät ole kapsahtaneet
passive		kapsahdetaan	ei kapsahdeta	passive	on kapsahdettu	ei ole kapsahdettu
past tense				pluperfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		kapsahdin	en kapsahtanut	1st sing.	olin kapsahtanut	en ollut kapsahtanut
2nd sing.		kapsahdit	et kapsahtanut	2nd sing.	olit kapsahtanut	et ollut kapsahtanut
3rd sing.		kapsahti	ei kapsahtanut	3rd sing.	oli kapsahtanut	ei ollut kapsahtanut
1st plur.		kapsahdimme	emme kapsahtaneet	1st plur.	olimme kapsahtaneet	emme olleet kapsahtaneet
2nd plur.		kapsahditte	ette kapsahtaneet	2nd plur.	olitte kapsahtaneet	ette olleet kapsahtaneet
3rd plur.		kapsahtivat	eivät kapsahtaneet	3rd plur.	olivat kapsahtaneet	eivät olleet kapsahtaneet
passive		kapsahdettiin	ei kapsahdettu	passive	oli kapsahdettu	ei ollut kapsahdettu
conditional mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		kapsahtaisin	en kapsahtaisi	1st sing.	olisin kapsahtanut	en olisi kapsahtanut
2nd sing.		kapsahtaisit	et kapsahtaisi	2nd sing.	olisit kapsahtanut	et olisi kapsahtanut
3rd sing.		kapsahtaisi	ei kapsahtaisi	3rd sing.	olisi kapsahtanut	ei olisi kapsahtanut
1st plur.		kapsahtaisimme	emme kapsahtaisi	1st plur.	olisimme kapsahtaneet	emme olisi kapsahtaneet
2nd plur.		kapsahtaisitte	ette kapsahtaisi	2nd plur.	olisitte kapsahtaneet	ette olisi kapsahtaneet
3rd plur.		kapsahtaisivat	eivät kapsahtaisi	3rd plur.	olisivat kapsahtaneet	eivät olisi kapsahtaneet
passive		kapsahdettaisiin	ei kapsahdettaisi	passive	olisi kapsahdettu	ei olisi kapsahdettu
imperative mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		—	—	1st sing.	—	—
2nd sing.		kapsahda	älä kapsahda	2nd sing.	—	—
3rd sing.		kapsahtakoon	älköön kapsahtako	3rd sing.	olkoon kapsahtanut	älköön olko kapsahtanut
1st plur.		kapsahtakaamme	älkäämme kapsahtako	1st plur.	—	—
2nd plur.		kapsahtakaa	älkää kapsahtako	2nd plur.	—	—
3rd plur.		kapsahtakoot	älkööt kapsahtako	3rd plur.	olkoot kapsahtaneet	älkööt olko kapsahtaneet
passive		kapsahdettakoon	älköön kapsahdettako	passive	olkoon kapsahdettu	älköön olko kapsahdettu
potential mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		kapsahtanen	en kapsahtane	1st sing.	lienen kapsahtanut	en liene kapsahtanut
2nd sing.		kapsahtanet	et kapsahtane	2nd sing.	lienet kapsahtanut	et liene kapsahtanut
3rd sing.		kapsahtanee	ei kapsahtane	3rd sing.	lienee kapsahtanut	ei liene kapsahtanut
1st plur.		kapsahtanemme	emme kapsahtane	1st plur.	lienemme kapsahtaneet	emme liene kapsahtaneet
2nd plur.		kapsahtanette	ette kapsahtane	2nd plur.	lienette kapsahtaneet	ette liene kapsahtaneet
3rd plur.		kapsahtanevat	eivät kapsahtane	3rd plur.	lienevät kapsahtaneet	eivät liene kapsahtaneet
passive		kapsahdettaneen	ei kapsahdettane	passive	lienee kapsahdettu	ei liene kapsahdettu
Nominal forms
infinitives				participles
		active	passive		active	passive
1st		kapsahtaa		present	kapsahtava	kapsahdettava
long 1st1		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st kapsahtaakseni kapsahtaaksemme 2nd kapsahtaaksesi kapsahtaaksenne 3rd kapsahtaakseen kapsahtaaksensa		past	kapsahtanut	kapsahdettu
2nd	inessive2	kapsahtaessa	kapsahdettaessa	agent4	kapsahtama
		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st kapsahtaessani kapsahtaessamme 2nd kapsahtaessasi kapsahtaessanne 3rd kapsahtaessaan kapsahtaessansa		negative	kapsahtamaton
	instructive	kapsahtaen	—	1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). 3) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details). 4) Usually with a possessive suffix. May not be used with all verbs, especially intransitive ones (more details). Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms. * The third-person singular indicative form kapsahtaa does not exhibit final gemination, unlike the first infinitive (the lemma form), even though they are spelled identically.
3rd	inessive	kapsahtamassa	—
	elative	kapsahtamasta	—
	illative	kapsahtamaan	—
	adessive	kapsahtamalla	—
	abessive	kapsahtamatta	—
	instructive	kapsahtaman	kapsahdettaman
4th3	verbal noun	kapsahtaminen
5th1		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st kapsahtamaisillani kapsahtamaisillamme 2nd kapsahtamaisillasi kapsahtamaisillanne 3rd kapsahtamaisillaan kapsahtamaisillansa

Derived terms

• kapsahdella
• kapsahdus
• kapsahtaminen

 

Further reading

• “kapsahtaa”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02