jp

See also: JP, .jp, and J.P.

Egyptian

Pronunciation

(in the sense ‘to count’): (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /jaːp/ → /jaːp/ → /ʔaːp/ → /ʔoːp/

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ip/
- Conventional anglicization: ip

Verb

2-lit.

(transitive) to count
(transitive) to assess as complete by counting
(transitive) to examine, to check, to evaluate, to review (someone or something)
(transitive) to take account of, to take heed of
(transitive) to account, to assess, to recognize, to consider (something) (+ r: as)
- c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) line 19:
  
  jp n.f tꜣ r ẖrt.f pt tꜣ ẖr st ḥr.f
  The land was accounted as his possession, and the sky and the land were under his care.
(transitive) to fully account for, collect, or set in order (the bones of the dead)
(transitive) to recognize (someone) (+ m: as)
(transitive) to respect, to esteem (someone)
(transitive) to allot, to assign, to apportion (+ n: to)
(transitive, with r) to charge (something) against (someone), to hold (someone) liable for something
(transitive) to detail (someone) for work (+ r or m: for (some particular work))
(transitive) to transfer (someone) (+ m: from; + r: to)
(transitive) to impose, to assess, to exact (taxes, dues, revenues collected, etc.) (+ r: from)
(transitive, with m-ꜥ) to claim (something) from (someone)
(intransitive, of people) to assemble, to muster, to collect together
(intransitive, often of the heart/mind) to be(come) shrewd, judicious, discerning, circumspect (+ m: in)

Inflection

Conjugation of jp (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: jp, geminated stem: jpp

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
jp	jpw, jp	jpt	jp, j.jp	jp, j.jp

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
jp	ḥr jp	m jp	r jp

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
aspect / mood	active	passive	aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	jp.n	jpw, jp	consecutive	jp.jn	active + .tj¹, .tw²
perfect	jp.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²
terminative	jpt
perfective³	jp	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	jp.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
imperfective	jp, j.jp¹	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	jp.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	jp	jpp	potentialis¹	jp.kꜣ	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	jp	active + .tj¹, .tw²
subjunctive	jp, j.jp¹	active + .tj¹, .tw²

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	jp.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	jp	active + .tj¹, .tw²	jp	jpp, jppj⁶, jp², jpw^{2 5}, jpy^{2 5}
imperfective	j.jp¹, jp, jpy, jpw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	j.jp¹, j.jpw^{1 5}, jp, jpj⁶, jpy⁶	jp, jpw⁵
prospective	jp, jptj⁷	—	jptj⁴, jpt⁴

¹ Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
² Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
³ Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
⁴ Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. ⁵ Only in the masculine singular.
⁶ Only in the masculine.
⁷ Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jp

jp

jpj

[21st Dynasty]

[Greco-Roman Period]

in hieratic

Derived terms

Descendants

Demotic: jp, jpy
- Akhmimic Coptic: ⲱⲡ (ōp), ϩⲉⲡ- (hep-), ⲱⲡ- (ōp-), ⲁⲡ⸗ (ap⸗)
- Bohairic Coptic: ⲱⲡ (ōp), ⲉⲡ- (ep-), ⲟⲡ⸗ (op⸗), (stative) ⲏⲡ (ēp )
- Fayyumic Coptic: ⲱⲡ (ōp), ⲉⲡ- (ep-), ⲁⲡ⸗ (ap⸗), (stative) ⲏⲡ (ēp )
- Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲱⲡ (ōp), (stative) ⲏⲡ (ēp )
- Sahidic Coptic: ⲱⲡ (ōp), ⲱⲡⲉ (ōpe), ⲉⲡ- (ep-), ⲟⲡ⸗ (op⸗), ⲁⲡ⸗ (ap⸗), (stative) ⲏⲡ (ēp ), (stative) ⲏⲡⲉ (ēpe )

Noun

m

accounting
- c. 1944 BCE, (year 17 of the reign of Senusret I), Stela of Mentuwoser (MMA 12.184), lines 7–8:
  
  jw jp m-ꜥ.j m pr-nswt nhm n.j dwꜣ-nṯr n.j
  The accounting was in my charge in the royal palace, and there was acclaim for me and thanking for me.
regard, esteem, opinion or assessment of someone
- c. 1479–1425 BCE, (reign of Thutmose III), tomb autobiography of Rekhmire (TT100), lines 3–4:
  
  …
  
  ḏd.f jnk sꜥḥ snnw n nswt jfdnw n wp-rḥwj ḫnt(j) st m wꜥꜥw ḥs[w] ṯnw wn[wt …] tp(j)-ꜥ m jp rḫyt
  He says: I am a dignitary second to the king, fourth to the Judge of the Two Companions (Thoth, judge of Horus and Set), the one foremost of position in private audience, who is praised at each hour, […] who stands ahead in the esteem of the commoners.

Inflection

Declension of jp (masculine)
singular	jp
dual	jpwj
plural	jpw

Alternative forms

See under the verb above.

Noun

m

Only used in rḏj jp ḥr (“to hit someone on (a body part)^?”) [Middle Kingdom]

Usage notes

Possibly this word should be identified with the words above in the sense of “an accounting”.

Noun

m

stairway [Greco-Roman Period]

Inflection

Declension of jp (masculine)
singular	jp
dual	jpwj
plural	jpw

References

“jp (lemma ID 24070)”, “jp (lemma ID 859124)”, and “jp (lemma ID 24080)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 66.1–66.21, 67.3–67.4
Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 16
James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 162, 251.