istua

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *istudak (compare Karelian istuo, Estonian istuma, Ludian ištuda), possibly from Proto-Finno-Permic *isɜ- (compare Erzya озамс (ozams)).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈistuɑˣ/, [ˈis̠tuɑ̝(ʔ)]
Rhymes: -istuɑ
Hyphenation^(key): is‧tua

Verb

istua (intransitive)

to sit, be sitting
to sit down, sit, take a seat
Synonym: istuutua
to be a member in a board or similar
Johannes Virolainen istui eduskunnassa peräti 42 vuotta.
Johannes Virolainen was a member of parliament for as much as 42 years.
to sit, be in session (of a court, etc.)
to suit, fit [with allative] (e.g. of clothing)
(informal) to be in jail, serve
(informal) to be attached (in), to be stuck (in)

Usage notes

(be in jail): The period of time served is often specified as if it were an object, but it is in fact an adverbial that is only inflected like an object.

Conjugation

Inflection of istua (Kotus type 52/sanoa, no gradation)

indicative mood

present tense

perfect

person

positive

negative

person

positive

negative

1st sing.

istun

en istu

1st sing.

olen istunut

en ole istunut

2nd sing.

istut

et istu

2nd sing.

olet istunut

et ole istunut

3rd sing.

istuu

ei istu

3rd sing.

on istunut

ei ole istunut

1st plur.

istumme

emme istu

1st plur.

olemme istuneet

emme ole istuneet

2nd plur.

istutte

ette istu

2nd plur.

olette istuneet

ette ole istuneet

3rd plur.

istuvat

eivät istu

3rd plur.

ovat istuneet

eivät ole istuneet

passive

istutaan

ei istuta

passive

on istuttu

ei ole istuttu

past tense

pluperfect

person

positive

negative

person

positive

negative

1st sing.

istuin

en istunut

1st sing.

olin istunut

en ollut istunut

2nd sing.

istuit

et istunut

2nd sing.

olit istunut

et ollut istunut

3rd sing.

istui

ei istunut

3rd sing.

oli istunut

ei ollut istunut

1st plur.

istuimme

emme istuneet

1st plur.

olimme istuneet

emme olleet istuneet

2nd plur.

istuitte

ette istuneet

2nd plur.

olitte istuneet

ette olleet istuneet

3rd plur.

istuivat

eivät istuneet

3rd plur.

olivat istuneet

eivät olleet istuneet

passive

istuttiin

ei istuttu

passive

oli istuttu

ei ollut istuttu

conditional mood

present

perfect

person

positive

negative

person

positive

negative

1st sing.

istuisin

en istuisi

1st sing.

olisin istunut

en olisi istunut

2nd sing.

istuisit

et istuisi

2nd sing.

olisit istunut

et olisi istunut

3rd sing.

istuisi

ei istuisi

3rd sing.

olisi istunut

ei olisi istunut

1st plur.

istuisimme

emme istuisi

1st plur.

olisimme istuneet

emme olisi istuneet

2nd plur.

istuisitte

ette istuisi

2nd plur.

olisitte istuneet

ette olisi istuneet

3rd plur.

istuisivat

eivät istuisi

3rd plur.

olisivat istuneet

eivät olisi istuneet

passive

istuttaisiin

ei istuttaisi

passive

olisi istuttu

ei olisi istuttu

imperative mood

present

perfect

person

positive

negative

person

positive

negative

1st sing.

—

1st sing.

—

2nd sing.

istu

älä istu

2nd sing.

—

3rd sing.

istukoon

älköön istuko

3rd sing.

olkoon istunut

älköön olko istunut

1st plur.

istukaamme

älkäämme istuko

1st plur.

—

2nd plur.

istukaa

älkää istuko

2nd plur.

—

3rd plur.

istukoot

älkööt istuko

3rd plur.

olkoot istuneet

älkööt olko istuneet

passive

istuttakoon

älköön istuttako

passive

olkoon istuttu

älköön olko istuttu

potential mood

present

perfect

person

positive

negative

person

positive

negative

1st sing.

istunen

en istune

1st sing.

lienen istunut

en liene istunut

2nd sing.

istunet

et istune

2nd sing.

lienet istunut

et liene istunut

3rd sing.

istunee

ei istune

3rd sing.

lienee istunut

ei liene istunut

1st plur.

istunemme

emme istune

1st plur.

lienemme istuneet

emme liene istuneet

2nd plur.

istunette

ette istune

2nd plur.

lienette istuneet

ette liene istuneet

3rd plur.

istunevat

eivät istune

3rd plur.

lienevät istuneet

eivät liene istuneet

passive

istuttaneen

ei istuttane

passive

lienee istuttu

ei liene istuttu

Nominal forms

infinitives

participles

active

passive

active

passive

1st

istua

present

istuva

istuttava

long 1st¹

Possessive forms
Person	sing.	plur.
1st	istuakseni	istuaksemme
2nd	istuaksesi	istuaksenne
3rd	istuakseen istuaksensa

past

istunut

istuttu

2nd

inessive²

istuessa

istuttaessa

agent⁴

istuma

Possessive forms
Person	sing.	plur.
1st	istuessani	istuessamme
2nd	istuessasi	istuessanne
3rd	istuessaan istuessansa

negative

istumaton

instructive

istuen

—

¹⁾ Used only with a possessive suffix.

²⁾ Usually with a possessive suffix (active only).
³⁾ Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).

⁴⁾ Usually with a possessive suffix. May not be used with all verbs, especially intransitive ones (more details). Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.

3rd

inessive

istumassa

—

elative

istumasta

—

illative

istumaan

—

adessive

istumalla

—

abessive

istumatta

—

instructive

istuman

istuttaman

4th³

verbal noun

istuminen

5th¹

Possessive forms
Person	sing.	plur.
1st	istumaisillani	istumaisillamme
2nd	istumaisillasi	istumaisillanne
3rd	istumaisillaan istumaisillansa

Derived terms

adverbs

nouns

verbs

Related terms

istukka

Anagrams

astui, asuit, siuta, suita, sutia, uista

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *istudak. Cognates include Finnish istua and Estonian istuda.

The sense "to be imprisoned" is a semantic loan from Russian сидеть (sidetʹ).

Pronunciation

(Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈistuɑ/, [ˈis̠to̞]
(Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈistuɑ/, [ˈiʃtuɑ]
Rhymes: -istoː, -istuɑ
Hyphenation: is‧tu‧a

Verb

istua

(intransitive) to sit
- 1936, L. G. Terehova, V. G. Erdeli, translated by Mihailov and P. I. Maksimov, Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun kolmatta klaassaa vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 6:
  Duumatkaa, istues partaas: Kummaas poolees ovat teist ikkunat teijen klaassaas?
  Think, while sitting at your desk: On which side of you are the windows in your classroom?
(intransitive) to do time (be imprisoned)

Conjugation

Conjugation of istua (type 1/ampua, st-ss gradation)
Indikativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	issun	en issu	1st singular	oon istunt, oon istunut	en oo istunt, en oo istunut
2nd singular	issut	et issu	2nd singular	oot istunt, oot istunut	et oo istunt, et oo istunut
3rd singular	istuu	ei issu	3rd singular	ono istunt, ono istunut	ei oo istunt, ei oo istunut
1st plural	issumma	emmä issu	1st plural	oomma istuneet	emmä oo istuneet
2nd plural	issutta	että issu	2nd plural	ootta istuneet	että oo istuneet
3rd plural	istuut¹⁾, istuvat²⁾, issutaa	evät issu, ei issuta	3rd plural	ovat istuneet	evät oo istuneet, ei oo issuttu
impersonal	issutaa	ei issuta	impersonal	ono issuttu	ei oo issuttu
Imperfekta			Pluskvamperfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	issuin	en istunt, en istunut	1st singular	olin istunt, olin istunut	en olt istunt, en olt istunut
2nd singular	issuit	et istunt, et istunut	2nd singular	olit istunt, olit istunut	et olt istunt, et olt istunut
3rd singular	istui	ei istunt, ei istunut	3rd singular	oli istunt, oli istunut	ei olt istunt, ei olt istunut
1st plural	issuimma	emmä istuneet	1st plural	olimma istuneet	emmä olleet istuneet
2nd plural	issuitta	että istuneet	2nd plural	olitta istuneet	että olleet istuneet
3rd plural	istuit¹⁾, istuivat²⁾, issuttii	evät istuneet, ei issuttu	3rd plural	olivat istuneet	evät olleet istuneet, ei olt issuttu
impersonal	issuttii	ei issuttu	impersonal	oli issuttu	ei olt issuttu
Konditsionala
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	istuisin	en istuis	1st singular	olisin istunt, olisin istunut	en olis istunt, en olis istunut
2nd singular	istuisit, istuist¹⁾	et istuis	2nd singular	olisit istunt, olisit istunut	et olis istunt, et olis istunut
3rd singular	istuis	ei istuis	3rd singular	olis istunt, olis istunut	ei olis istunt, ei olis istunut
1st plural	istuisimma	emmä istuis	1st plural	olisimma istuneet	emmä olis istuneet
2nd plural	istuisitta	että istuis	2nd plural	olisitta istuneet	että olis istuneet
3rd plural	istuisiit¹⁾, istuisivat²⁾, issuttais	evät istuis, ei issuttais	3rd plural	olisivat istuneet	evät olis istuneet, ei olis issuttu
impersonal	issuttais	ei issuttais	impersonal	olis issuttu	ei olis issuttu
Imperativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	—	—	1st singular	—	—
2nd singular	issu	elä issu	2nd singular	oo istunt, oo istunut	elä oo istunt, elä oo istunut
3rd singular	istukoo	elköö istuko	3rd singular	olkoo istunt, olkoo istunut	elköö olko istunt, elköö olko istunut
1st plural	—	—	1st plural	—	—
2nd plural	istukaa	elkää istuko	2nd plural	olkaa istuneet	elkää olko istuneet
3rd plural	istukoot	elkööt istuko, elköö issuttako	3rd plural	olkoot istuneet	elkööt olko istuneet, elköö olko issuttu
impersonal	issuttakkoo	elköö issuttako	impersonal	olkoo issuttu	elköö olko issuttu
Potentsiala
Preesens
	positive	negative
1st singular	istunen	en istune
2nd singular	istunet	et istune
3rd singular	istunoo	ei istune
1st plural	istunemma	emmä istune
2nd plural	istunetta	että istune
3rd plural	istunoot	evät istune, ei issuttane
impersonal	issuttannoo	ei issuttane
Nominal forms
Infinitivat			Partisipat
				active	passive
1st		istua	present	istuva	issuttava
2nd	inessive	istujees	past	istunt, istunut	issuttu
2nd	instructive	istuen	¹⁾ Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. ²⁾ Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. ^) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (istukaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. ^) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka^?/-kä^?) to the indicative ^*) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka^?/-kä^?) or -kse* to either the indicative or the potential ^***) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-*, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition.
3rd	illative	istumaa
	inessive	istumaas
	elative	istumast
	abessive	istumata
4th	nominative	istumiin
	partitive	istumista, istumist

Derived terms

References

Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 95
Olga I. Konkova, Nikita A. Dyachkov (2014) Inkeroin Keel: Пособие по Ижорскому Языку‎^[2], →ISBN, page 71

Finnish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Usage notes

Conjugation

Derived terms

Related terms

Further reading

Anagrams

Ingrian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Derived terms

References