introversion

See also: introversión

English

Etymology

From New Latin intrōversio, from intrōvertere (“to turn within”), from Classical Latin intro (“within”) and vertere (“to turn”). Equivalent to introvert +‎ -sion.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ɪntɹəʊˈvɜːʃən/
• (US) IPA^(key): /ɪntɹəˈvəɹʒən/, /ɪntɹəˈvəɹʃən/, /ɪntɹoʊˈvəɹʃən/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)ʒən

Noun

introversion (usually uncountable, plural introversions)

1. A turning inward, particularly:
   • 1796, Erasmus Darwin, Zoonomia, volume II, page 186:

     This disease is sometimes produced by the introversion of the edge of the lower eyelid.

   1. The action of turning one's thoughts upon internal or spiritual matters.
      • 1654, Thomas Gataker, A Discours Apologetical, page 68:

        ...their... Fastings, Prayings,... Introversions,... Humiliations, Mortifications...

      • 1788, John Wesley, Works, volume VI, page 451:

        The attending to the voice of Christ within you is what [mystics] term Introversion.

      • 1870, James Russell Lowell, My Study Windows, page 214:

        ... Hamlet, who so perfectly typifies the introversion and complexity of modern thought as compared with ancient...

   2. (psychology) A personality orientation towards the self and mental abstraction; behavior expressing such orientation.
      • 1912, Trigant Burrow, "Conscious and Unconscious Mentation from the Psychoanalytic Viewpoint", Psychological Bulletin, No. 9, p. 159:

        ...so that when in later life there occurs an introversion (in the sense of Jung), it consists of a harking back to regressive, reminiscent, infantile material.

      • 1915, Carl Jung, “On Psychological Understanding”, in Journal of Abnormal Psychology, number 9, page 396:

        I called the hysterical type the extraversion type and the psychasthénic type the introversion type.

      • 1955 March 19, Science News-Letter, page 185:

        Patients with this disease are at times completely withdrawn from the world around them and give the picture of the very extreme of introversion.

      • 1964, John Michael Argyle, Psychology & Social Problems, page 75:

        Eysenck has suggested the three dimensions of neuroticism, psychoticism and introversion-extraversion.

   3. (poetry and literature) Arrangement of two similar words, lines, etc. to form the middle part of a structure.
      • 1896, Richard Green Moulton, The Literary Study of the Bible, page 50:

        Such introversion is merely a matter of form.

Antonyms

• extroversion

Translations

psychology: orientation towards the self and mental abstraction

• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 內向／内向 (zh) (nèixiàng)

• Czech: introverze f
• Finnish: sisäänpäinsuuntautuneisuus, introversio (fi)
• German: Introversion f
• Japanese: 内向性 (ja) (naikōsei), 内向 (ja) (naikō)
• Lithuanian: intravertiškumas m
• Persian: درون‌گرایی (darun-gerâyi)
• Portuguese: introversão (pt) f
• Romanian: introversiune (ro) f
• Turkish: içe dönüklük (tr)
• Vietnamese: hướng nội

References

• “introversion, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1900.
• “introversion”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.