inquinar

Portuguese

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin inquināre (“to dirty, pollute”).

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ĩ.kiˈna(ʁ)/ [ĩ.kiˈna(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ĩ.kiˈna(ʁ)/ [ĩ.kiˈna(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ĩ.kiˈna(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ĩ.kiˈna(ʁ)/ [ĩ.kiˈna(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ĩ.kiˈna(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ĩ.kiˈnaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ĩ.kiˈnaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ĩ.kiˈna.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: in‧qui‧nar

Verb

inquinar (first-person singular present inquino, first-person singular preterite inquinei, past participle inquinado)

1. (transitive) to infect
2. (transitive) to corrupt
3. (transitive) to dirty, stain

Conjugation

    Conjugation of inquinar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	inquinar
Personal	inquinar	inquinares	inquinar	inquinarmos	inquinardes	inquinarem
Gerund
	inquinando
Past participle
Masculine	inquinado			inquinados
Feminine	inquinada			inquinadas
Indicative
Present	inquino	inquinas	inquina	inquinamos	inquinais	inquinam
Imperfect	inquinava	inquinavas	inquinava	inquinávamos	inquináveis	inquinavam
Preterite	inquinei	inquinaste	inquinou	inquinamos1, inquinámos2	inquinastes	inquinaram
Pluperfect	inquinara	inquinaras	inquinara	inquináramos	inquináreis	inquinaram
Future	inquinarei	inquinarás	inquinará	inquinaremos	inquinareis	inquinarão
Conditional	inquinaria	inquinarias	inquinaria	inquinaríamos	inquinaríeis	inquinariam
Subjunctive
Present	inquine	inquines	inquine	inquinemos	inquineis	inquinem
Imperfect	inquinasse	inquinasses	inquinasse	inquinássemos	inquinásseis	inquinassem
Future	inquinar	inquinares	inquinar	inquinarmos	inquinardes	inquinarem
Imperative
Affirmative		inquina	inquine	inquinemos	inquinai	inquinem
Negative (não)		não inquines	não inquine	não inquinemos	não inquineis	não inquinem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Synonyms

• adulterar
• contaminar
• corromper
• enodoar
• infecionar
• infetar
• macular
• manchar
• poluir
• sujar

 

Derived terms

nouns

• inquinação

 

nouns

• coinquinar

 

Further reading

• “inquinar” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin inquināre (“to defile, to stain”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /inkiˈnaɾ/ [ĩŋ.kiˈnaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: in‧qui‧nar

Verb

inquinar (first-person singular present inquino, first-person singular preterite inquiné, past participle inquinado)

1. to infect
2. to stain

Conjugation

    Conjugation of inquinar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			inquinar
gerund			inquinando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		inquinado		inquinada
		plural		inquinados		inquinadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	inquino	inquinastú inquinásvos	inquina	inquinamos	inquináis	inquinan
	imperfect	inquinaba	inquinabas	inquinaba	inquinábamos	inquinabais	inquinaban
	preterite	inquiné	inquinaste	inquinó	inquinamos	inquinasteis	inquinaron
	future	inquinaré	inquinarás	inquinará	inquinaremos	inquinaréis	inquinarán
	conditional	inquinaría	inquinarías	inquinaría	inquinaríamos	inquinaríais	inquinarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	inquine	inquinestú inquinésvos2	inquine	inquinemos	inquinéis	inquinen
	imperfect (ra)	inquinara	inquinaras	inquinara	inquináramos	inquinarais	inquinaran
	imperfect (se)	inquinase	inquinases	inquinase	inquinásemos	inquinaseis	inquinasen
	future1	inquinare	inquinares	inquinare	inquináremos	inquinareis	inquinaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		inquinatú inquinávos	inquine	inquinemos	inquinad	inquinen
	negative		no inquines	no inquine	no inquinemos	no inquinéis	no inquinen

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

Further reading

• “inquinar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy, 2023 November 28