inis

See also: Inis, -inis, in- -is, and iniş

Chuukese

Noun

inis

body

Irish

Etymology 1

From Old Irish inis,^[1] from Proto-Celtic *enistī (“standing in (the water)”), from Proto-Indo-European *en- (“in”) + *steh₂- (“stand”). Cognate with Welsh ynys.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈinʲiʃ/^[2]^[3]^[4]
(Teelin) IPA^(key): /ˈɪn̠ʲiʃ/^[5]

Noun

inis f (genitive singular inse, nominative plural insí)

island
Synonym: oileán

Usage notes

Found chiefly in place names. The synonym oileán is the usual common noun for “island”.

Declension

Declension of inis (second declension)

bare forms
case	singular	plural
nominative	inis	insí
vocative	a inis	a insí
genitive	inse	insí
dative	inis	insí

forms with the definite article
case	singular	plural
nominative	an inis	na hinsí
genitive	na hinse	na n-insí
dative	leis an inis don inis	leis na hinsí

Derived terms

Inis (“Ennis”)
Inis Eoghain (“Inisowen”)
Inis Meáin f (“Inishmaan; Inishmeane”)
Inis Mór f (“Inishmore”)
Inis Oírr f (“Inisheer”)
Inse Ghall f pl (“the Hebrides”)
leithinis f (“peninsula”)

Etymology 2

From Middle Irish indisid,^[6] denominal from Old Irish indisin, indisiu,^[7] verbal noun of in·fét,^[8] from in- + Proto-Celtic *weideti, from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“know, see”).

Alternative forms

innis (superseded)
nis (Kerry)

Pronunciation

(Munster) IPA^(key): /ˈɪnʲɪʃ/, (Kerry) /ˈnʲɪʃ/ (corresponding to the form nis)^[9]
(Connacht, Ulster) IPA^(key): /ˈɪn̠ʲɪʃ/^[10]

Verb

inis (present analytic insíonn, future analytic inseoidh, verbal noun insint, past participle inste)

(transitive) tell, relate
- 1894 March, Peadar Mac Fionnlaoigh, “An rí nach robh le fagháil bháis”, in Irisleabhar na Gaedhilge, volume 1:5, Dublin: Gaelic Union, pages 185–88:
  “An bhfuil sean-sgéal ar bith agat le hinnsint damh?” ar san rí.
  "Have you any story to tell me?" says the king.

Conjugation

conjugation of inis (second conjugation)

		singular			plural			relative	autonomous
		first	second	third	first	second	third	relative	autonomous
indicative	present	insím	insíonn tú; insír^†	insíonn sé, sí	insímid; insíonn muid	insíonn sibh	insíonn siad; insíd^†	a insíonn; a insíos / a n-insíonn; a n-insíos	insítear
	past	d'inis mé; d'insíos / inis mé‡; insíos‡	d'inis tú; d'insís / inis tú‡; insís‡	d'inis sé, sí / inis sé, sí‡	d'insíomar; d'inis muid / insíomar‡; inis muid‡	d'inis sibh; d'insíobhair / inis sibh‡; insíobhair‡	d'inis siad; d'insíodar / inis siad‡; insíodar‡	a d'inis / ar inis*	insíodh; hinsíodh^†
	past habitual	d'insínn / insínn‡; n-insínn‡‡	d'insíteá / insíteá‡; n-insíteá‡‡	d'insíodh sé, sí / insíodh sé, sí‡; n-insíodh sé, sí‡‡	d'insímis; d'insíodh muid / insímis‡; insíodh muid‡; n-insímis‡‡; n-insíodh muid‡‡	d'insíodh sibh / insíodh sibh‡; n-insíodh sibh‡‡	d'insídís; d'insíodh siad / insídís‡; insíodh siad‡; n-insídís‡‡; n-insíodh siad‡‡	a d'insíodh / a n-insíodh*	d'insítí / insítí‡; n-insítí‡‡
future		inseoidh mé; inseod; inseochaidh mé^†	inseoidh tú; inseoir^†; inseochaidh tú^†	inseoidh sé, sí; inseochaidh sé, sí^†	inseoimid; inseoidh muid; inseochaimid^†; inseochaidh muid^†	inseoidh sibh; inseochaidh sibh^†	inseoidh siad; inseoid^†; inseochaidh siad^†	a inseoidh; a inseos; a inseochaidh^†; a inseochas^† / a n-inseoidh; a n-inseos; a n-inseochaidh^†; a n-inseochas^†	inseofar; inseochar^†
conditional		d’inseoinn; d’inseochainn^† / inseoinn‡; inseochainn^†‡; n-inseoinn‡‡; n-inseochainn^†‡‡	d’inseofá; d’inseochthá^† / inseofá‡; inseochthá^†‡; n-inseofá‡‡; n-inseochthá^†‡‡	d’inseodh sé, sí; d’inseochadh sé, sí^† / inseodh sé, sí‡; inseochadh sé, sí^†‡; n-inseodh sé, sí‡‡; n-inseochadh sé, sí^†‡‡	d’inseoimis; d’inseodh muid; d’inseochaimis^†; d’inseochadh muid^† / inseoimis‡; inseodh muid‡; inseochaimis^†‡; inseochadh muid^†‡; n-inseoimis‡‡; n-inseodh muid‡‡; n-inseochaimis^†‡‡; n-inseochadh muid^†‡‡	d’inseodh sibh; d’inseochadh sibh^† / inseodh sibh‡; inseochadh sibh^†‡; n-inseodh sibh‡‡; n-inseochadh sibh^†‡‡	d’inseoidís; d’inseodh siad; d’inseochadh siad^† / inseoidís‡; inseodh siad‡; inseochadh siad^†‡; n-inseoidís‡‡; n-inseodh siad^†‡‡; n-inseochadh siad^†‡‡	a d’inseodh; a d’inseochadh^† / a n-inseodh; a n-inseochadh^†	d’inseofaí; d’inseochthaí^† / inseofaí‡; inseochthaí^†‡; n-inseofaí‡‡; n-inseochthaí^†‡‡
subjunctive	present	go n-insí mé; go n-insíod^†	go n-insí tú; go n-insír^†	go n-insí sé, sí	go n-insímid; go n-insí muid	go n-insí sibh	go n-insí siad; go n-insíd^†	—	go n-insítear
subjunctive	past	dá n-insínn	dá n-insíteá	dá n-insíodh sé, sí	dá n-insímis; dá n-insíodh muid	dá n-insíodh sibh	dá n-insídís; dá n-insíodh siad	—	dá n-insítí
imperative		insím	inis	insíodh sé, sí	insímis	insígí; insídh^†	insídís	—	insítear
verbal noun		insint, inse^†
past participle		inste

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡ dependent form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis (except an)

in older literary language, the future and conditional are built on the stem inneos-; this survives in parts of Munster, shortened to neos-:

	singular			plural			relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third	relative	autonomous
future	inneosad; neosad	inneosair; neosair	inneosaidh sé, sí; neosaidh sé, sí	inneosaimíd; neosaimíd	inneosaidh sibh; neosaidh sibh	inneosaid; neosaid	a inneosaidh; a inneosas; a neosaidh / a n-inneosaidh; a n-inneosas; a neosaidh*	inneosfar; neosfar
conditional	d'inneosainn / inneosainn‡; n-inneosainn‡‡; neosainn	d'inneosfá / inneosfá‡; n-inneosfá‡‡; neosfá	d'inneosadh sé, sí / inneosadh sé, sí‡; n-inneosadh sé, sí‡‡; neosadh sé, sí	d'inneosaimís / inneosaimís‡; n-inneosaimís‡‡; neosaimís	d'inneosadh sibh / inneosadh sibh‡; n-inneosadh sibh‡‡; neosadh sibh	d'ineosaidís / inneosaidís‡; n-inneosaidís‡‡; neosaidís	a d'inneosadh; a neosadh / a n-inneosadh; a neosadh	d'inneosfaí / inneosfaí‡; n-inneosfaí‡‡; neosfaí

Alternative present indicative: iniseann
Alternative verbal noun: inse

Mutation

Mutated forms of *inis*
radical	eclipsis	with h-prothesis	with t-prothesis
inis	n-inis	hinis	not applicable

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 inis ‘island’”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
^ Ó Cuív, Brian (1968) The Irish of West Muskerry, Co. Cork: A Phonetic Study, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, section 59, page 15; reprinted 1988
^ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 142
^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 263, page 93
^ Wagner, Heinrich (1959) Gaeilge Theilinn: Foghraidheacht, Gramadach, Téacsanna [The Irish of Teelin: Phonetics, Grammar, Texts] (in Irish), Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath [Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies], section 142, page 53; reprinted 1979
^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “indisid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “indisin”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “ind·fét, in·fét”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
^ Ó Sé, Diarmuid (2000) Gaeilge Chorca Dhuibhne [The Irish of Corkaguiny] (in Irish), Institiúid Teangeolaíochta Éireann [Linguistics Institute of Ireland], →ISBN, section 544, page 296
^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 262, page 93

Latin

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈi.niːs/, [ˈɪniːs̠]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈi.nis/, [ˈiːnis]

Verb

inīs

second-person singular present active indicative of ineō

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *enistī (“standing in (the water)”), from Proto-Indo-European *en- (“in”) + *steh₂- (“stand”). Cognate with Welsh ynys.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈinʲisʲ]

Noun

inis f (genitive inse, nominative plural insi)

island

Usage notes

Despite its ī-stem inflection and feminine gender, the nominative singular of inis and its descendants almost never causes the lenition of a following word.

Declension

Feminine ī-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	inis^L	inis^L	insi^H
Vocative	inis^L	inis^L	insi^H
Accusative	insi^N	inis^L	insi^H
Genitive	inse^H	inse^L	inse^N
Dative	insi^L	insib	insib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: ^H = triggers aspiration ^L = triggers lenition ^N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

Middle Irish: inis
- Irish: inis
- Manx: innis
- Scottish Gaelic: innis
  - → Scots: inch
    - → English: inch (“small island”)

Mutation

Mutation of *inis*
radical	lenition	nasalization
inis (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments)	unchanged	n-inis

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Tagalog

Pronunciation

(Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ʔiˈnis/ [ʔɪˈn̪is]
Rhymes: -is
Syllabification: i‧nis

Noun

inís (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈᜒᜐ᜔)

irritation; vexation; annoyance
Synonyms: yamot, pagkayamot, suya, pagkasuya, asar, urat, buwisit, (Batangas) wasang, (Quezon) barino
suffocation; asphyxiation
Synonyms: pagkainis, aspiksiya

Derived terms

Adjective

inís (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈᜒᜐ᜔)

annoyed; irritated; vexed
Synonyms: yamot, nayayamot, suya, nasusuya, galit, nagagalit, asar, buwisit
suffocated; asphyxiated

inis

Chuukese

Noun

Irish

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Usage notes

Declension

Derived terms

Further reading

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Further reading

Mutation

References

Latin

Pronunciation

Verb

Old Irish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Usage notes

Declension

Descendants

Mutation

Further reading

Tagalog

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

See also

Adjective

Further reading