inis

See also: Inis, -inis, in- -is, and iniş

Chuukese

Noun

inis

1. body

Irish

Etymology 1

From Old Irish inis, from Proto-Celtic *enistī (“standing in (the water)”), from Proto-Indo-European *en- (“in”) + *steh₂- (“stand”). Cognate with Welsh ynys.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɪnʲɪʃ/

Noun

inis f (genitive singular inse, nominative plural insí)

1. island

   Synonym: oileán

Declension

Declension of inis (second declension)

bare forms case singular plural nominative inis insí vocative a inis a insí genitive inse insí dative inis insí forms with the definite article case singular plural nominative an inis na hinsí genitive na hinse na n-insí dative leis an inis don inis leis na hinsí

Derived terms

• Inis (“Ennis”)
• Inis Eoghain (“Inisowen”)
• Inis Meáin f (“Inishmaan; Inishmeane”)
• Inis Mór f (“Inishmore”)
• Inis Oírr f (“Inisheer”)
• Inse Ghall f pl (“the Hebrides”)
• leithinis f (“peninsula”)

 

Etymology 2

From Middle Irish indisid, denominal from Old Irish indisin, indisiu, verbal noun of in·fét, from in- + Proto-Celtic *weideti, from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“know, see”).

Alternative forms

• innis (superseded)

Pronunciation

• (Munster) IPA^(key): /ˈɪnʲɪʃ/
• (Connacht, Ulster) IPA^(key): /ˈɪn̠ʲɪʃ/

Verb

inis (present analytic insíonn, future analytic inseoidh, verbal noun insint, past participle inste)

1. (transitive) tell, relate
   • 1894 March, Peadar Mac Fionnlaoigh, “An rí nach robh le fagháil bháis”, in Irisleabhar na Gaedhilge, volume 1:5, Dublin: Gaelic Union, pages 185–88:

     “An bhfuil sean-sgéal ar bith agat le hinnsint damh?” ar san rí.

     "Have you any story to tell me?" says the king.

Conjugation

conjugation of inis (second conjugation)

		singular			plural			relative	autonomous
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative	present	insím	insíonn tú; insír†	insíonn sé, sí	insímid; insíonn muid	insíonn sibh	insíonn siad; insíd†	a insíonn; a insíos / a n-insíonn*; a n-insíos*	insítear
	past	d'inis mé; d'insíos / inis mé‡; insíos‡	d'inis tú; d'insís / inis tú‡; insís‡	d'inis sé, sí / inis sé, sí‡	d'insíomar; d'inis muid / insíomar‡; inis muid‡	d'inis sibh; d'insíobhair / inis sibh‡; insíobhair‡	d'inis siad; d'insíodar / inis siad‡; insíodar‡	a d'inis / ar inis*	insíodh; hinsíodh†
	past habitual	d'insínn / insínn‡; n-insínn‡‡	d'insíteá / insíteá‡; n-insíteᇇ	d'insíodh sé, sí / insíodh sé, sí‡; n-insíodh sé, s퇇	d'insímis; d'insíodh muid / insímis‡; insíodh muid‡; n-insímis‡‡; n-insíodh muid‡‡	d'insíodh sibh / insíodh sibh‡; n-insíodh sibh‡‡	d'insídís; d'insíodh siad / insídís‡; insíodh siad‡; n-insídís‡‡; n-insíodh siad‡‡	a d'insíodh / a n-insíodh*	d'insítí / insítí‡; n-insít퇇
future		inseoidh mé; inseod; inseochaidh mé†	inseoidh tú; inseoir†; inseochaidh tú†	inseoidh sé, sí; inseochaidh sé, sí†	inseoimid; inseoidh muid; inseochaimid†; inseochaidh muid†	inseoidh sibh; inseochaidh sibh†	inseoidh siad; inseoid†; inseochaidh siad†	a inseoidh; a inseos; a inseochaidh†; a inseochas† / a n-inseoidh*; a n-inseos*; a n-inseochaidh*†; a n-inseochas*†	inseofar; inseochar†
conditional		d’inseoinn; d’inseochainn† / inseoinn‡; inseochainn†‡; n-inseoinn‡‡; n-inseochainn†‡‡	d’inseofá; d’inseochthᆠ/ inseofá‡; inseochthᆇ; n-inseofᇇ; n-inseochthᆇ‡	d’inseodh sé, sí; d’inseochadh sé, s토/ inseodh sé, sí‡; inseochadh sé, s톇; n-inseodh sé, s퇇; n-inseochadh sé, s톇‡	d’inseoimis; d’inseodh muid; d’inseochaimis†; d’inseochadh muid† / inseoimis‡; inseodh muid‡; inseochaimis†‡; inseochadh muid†‡; n-inseoimis‡‡; n-inseodh muid‡‡; n-inseochaimis†‡‡; n-inseochadh muid†‡‡	d’inseodh sibh; d’inseochadh sibh† / inseodh sibh‡; inseochadh sibh†‡; n-inseodh sibh‡‡; n-inseochadh sibh†‡‡	d’inseoidís; d’inseodh siad; d’inseochadh siad† / inseoidís‡; inseodh siad‡; inseochadh siad†‡; n-inseoidís‡‡; n-inseodh siad†‡‡; n-inseochadh siad†‡‡	a d’inseodh; a d’inseochadh† / a n-inseodh*; a n-inseochadh*†	d’inseofaí; d’inseochtha토/ inseofaí‡; inseochtha톇; n-inseofa퇇; n-inseochtha톇‡
subjunctive	present	go n-insí mé; go n-insíod†	go n-insí tú; go n-insír†	go n-insí sé, sí	go n-insímid; go n-insí muid	go n-insí sibh	go n-insí siad; go n-insíd†	—	go n-insítear
	past	dá n-insínn	dá n-insíteá	dá n-insíodh sé, sí	dá n-insímis; dá n-insíodh muid	dá n-insíodh sibh	dá n-insídís; dá n-insíodh siad	—	dá n-insítí
imperative		insím	inis	insíodh sé, sí	insímis	insígí; insídh†	insídís	—	insítear
verbal noun		insint, inse†
past participle		inste

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡ dependent form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis (except an)

in older literary language, the future and conditional are built on the stem inneos-; this survives in parts of Munster, shortened to neos-:

	singular			plural			relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	inneosad; neosad	inneosair; neosair	inneosaidh sé, sí; neosaidh sé, sí	inneosaimíd; neosaimíd	inneosaidh sibh; neosaidh sibh	inneosaid; neosaid	a inneosaidh; a inneosas; a neosaidh / a n-inneosaidh*; a n-inneosas*; a neosaidh*	inneosfar; neosfar
conditional	d'inneosainn / inneosainn‡; n-inneosainn‡‡; neosainn	d'inneosfá / inneosfá‡; n-inneosfᇇ; neosfá	d'inneosadh sé, sí / inneosadh sé, sí‡; n-inneosadh sé, s퇇; neosadh sé, sí	d'inneosaimís / inneosaimís‡; n-inneosaimís‡‡; neosaimís	d'inneosadh sibh / inneosadh sibh‡; n-inneosadh sibh‡‡; neosadh sibh	d'ineosaidís / inneosaidís‡; n-inneosaidís‡‡; neosaidís	a d'inneosadh; a neosadh / a n-inneosadh*; a neosadh*	d'inneosfaí / inneosfaí‡; n-inneosfa퇇; neosfaí

• Alternative present indicative: iniseann
• Alternative verbal noun: inse

Mutation

Mutated forms of inis

radical	eclipsis	with h-prothesis	with t-prothesis
inis	n-inis	hinis	not applicable

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “inis ‘island’”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 398
• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “innisim ‘tell’”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 399
• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “inis”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “inis”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “insím”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
• “inis”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈi.niːs/, [ˈɪniːs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈi.nis/, [ˈiːnis]

Verb

inīs

1. second-person singular present active indicative of ineō

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *enistī (“standing in (the water)”), from Proto-Indo-European *en- (“in”) + *steh₂- (“stand”). Cognate with Welsh ynys.

Noun

inis f (genitive inse, nominative plural insi)

1. island

Usage notes

Despite its ī-stem inflection and feminine gender, the nominative singular of inis and its descendants almost never causes the lenition of a following word.

Declension

Feminine ī-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	inisL	inisL	insiH
Vocative	inisL	inisL	insiH
Accusative	insiN	inisL	insiH
Genitive	inseH	inseL	inseN
Dative	insiL	insib	insib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

• Middle Irish: inis
  • Irish: inis
  • Scottish Gaelic: innis

Mutation

Mutation of inis

radical	lenition	nasalization
inis (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments)	unchanged	n-inis

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 inis”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Tagalog

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ʔiˈnis/ [ʔɪˈn̪is]
• Rhymes: -is
• Syllabification: i‧nis

Noun

inís (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈᜒᜐ᜔)

1. irritation; vexation; annoyance

   Synonyms: yamot, pagkayamot, suya, pagkasuya, asar, urat, buwisit, (Batangas) wasang, (Quezon) barino

2. suffocation; asphyxiation

   Synonyms: pagkainis, aspiksiya

Derived terms

• ikainis
• inisin
• kainis
• kainisan
• mainis
• makainis
• mang-inis
• nakakainis
• pag-inis
• pagkainis
• pang-inis
• uminis

 

See also

• galit
• poot

Adjective

inís (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈᜒᜐ᜔)

1. annoyed; irritated; vexed

   Synonyms: yamot, nayayamot, suya, nasusuya, galit, nagagalit, asar, buwisit

2. suffocated; asphyxiated

Further reading

• “inis”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018