infest

English

Etymology

From Middle English infesten, from Old French infester (“to infest”), from Latin īnfestō (“assail, molest”, verb), from īnfestus (“hostile”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɪnˈfɛst/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛst

Verb

Aphids infest a rosebush

infest (third-person singular simple present infests, present participle infesting, simple past and past participle infested)

1. (transitive) To inhabit a place in unpleasantly large numbers; to plague, harass.

   Insects are infesting my basement!

   • 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:

     Sir, my liege,
     Do not infest your mind with beating on
     The strangeness of this business; at pick’d leisure
     Which shall be shortly, I’ll resolve you,
     Which to you shall seem probable, of every
     These happen’d accidents; till when, be cheerful
     And think of each thing well.

   • 1724, Daniel Defoe (attributed), “Introduction”, in A General History of the Pirates‎^[1], 2nd edition, London: T. Warner, page 24:

     I come now to speak of the Pyrates infesting the West-Indies, where they are more numerous than in any other Parts of the World, on several Reasons […]

   • 1791, Oliver Goldsmith, “Of Mummies, Wax-Works, &c.”, in An History of the Earth, and Animated Nature. […], new edition, volume II, London: […] F[rancis] Wingrave, successor to Mr. [John] Nourse, […], →OCLC, page 252:

     It has often happened, that whole caravans have perished in crossing those deserts, either by the burning winds that infest them, or by the sands which are raised by the tempest, and overwhelm every creature in certain ruin.

   • 1847 March 30, Herman Melville, chapter 3, in Omoo: A Narrative of Adventures in the South Seas; […], London: John Murray, […], →OCLC:

     Nor was the biscuit much better; nearly all of it was broken into hard, little gunflints, honeycombed through and through, as if the worms usually infesting this article in long tropical voyages had, in boring after nutriment, come out at the antipodes without finding anything.

2. (pathology, of a parasite) To invade a host plant or animal.

Synonyms

• beride, plague

Related terms

• infestation
• infestuous

Translations

to inhabit a place in large numbers

• Bulgarian: гъмжа (bg) (gǎmža)
• Czech: zamořit
• Galician: infestar
• German: befallen (de)
• Hungarian: ellep (hu), eláraszt (hu), elszaporodik (hu), nyüzsög (hu), hemzseg (hu)
• Maori: mui, pokipoki
• Slovak: zamoriť pf
• Yiddish: פֿאַרשרצן (farsheretsn)

Adjective

infest (comparative more infest, superlative most infest)

1. (obsolete) Mischievous; hurtful; harassing.
   • 1567, Ovid, “The Fourth Booke”, in Arthur Golding, transl., The XV. Bookes of P. Ouidius Naso, Entytuled Metamorphosis, […], London: […] Willyam Seres […], →OCLC, folio 51, recto:

     […] The swarme of scaled snakes
     Did make an yrksome noyce to heare, as she her tresses shakes.
     About her shoulders some did craule, some trayling downe her brest,
     Did hisse, and spit out poison greene, and spirt with tongues infest.

     cited in Thomas Warton, The History of English Poetry, Volume 3, London: J. Dodsley et al., 1781, Section 40, p. 412,^[2]

   • 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book VI, Canto IV”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, page 5:

     He stayed not t’advize, which way were best
     His foe t’assayle, or how himselfe to gard,
     But with fierce fury and with force infest
     Upon him ran […]

Noun

infest (uncountable)

1. (obsolete) Hostility.
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, Book II, Canto Eleven, Stanza 32, Hackett, 2006, p. 191,

     Like as a fire, the which in hollow cave

     Hath long bene underkept, and down supprest,

     With murmurous disdayne doth inly rave,

     And grudge, in so streight prison to be prest,

     At last breakes forth with furious infest,

     And strives to mount unto his native seat […]

Anagrams

• feints, finest, stefin