independence

See also: Independence

English

Alternative forms

• independance (obsolete)

Etymology

From French indépendance. Analyzable as in- +‎ de- +‎ pend +‎ -ence or in- +‎ dependence.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɪndɪˈpɛndəns/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Hyphenation: in‧de‧pend‧ence

Noun

independence (countable and uncountable, plural independences)

1. The quality or state of being independent; lack of dependence; the state of not being reliant on, or controlled by, others.
   • 1836 March – 1837 October, Charles Dickens, “Relates How Mr. Pickwick, with the Assistance of Samuel Weller, Essayed to Soften the Heart of Mr. Benjamin Allen, and to Mollify the Wrath of Mr. Robert Sawyer”, in The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1837, →OCLC, page 508:

     Bob the aforesaid, and his present chances of deriving a competent independence from the honourable profession to which he had devoted himself.

   • 1851, George Borrow, chapter XXXI, in Lavengro; the Scholar—the Gypsy—the Priest. […], volume II, London: John Murray […], →OCLC, pages 271–272:

     […] I had achieved my own living, preserved my independence, and become indebted to no one.

   • 2022 November 30, Paul Bigland, “Destination Oban: a Sunday in Scotland”, in RAIL, number 971, page 75:

     And this year, some of the granite facades have a new addition - the blue and yellow of the flag of Ukraine. It's hardly surprising to see the Scots, a nation more attuned to independence than some, showing solidarity with a country brutally invaded by Russia.

2. The state of having sufficient means for a comfortable livelihood.

Derived terms

• anti-independence
• financial independence
• Independence County
• independence day
• independence number
• independency
• independentism
• independentist
• linear independence
• nonindependence
• postindependence
• preindependence
• war of independence

Translations

state or quality of being independent

• Afrikaans: onafhanklikheid (af)
• Albanian: pavarësi (sq) f, pamvarësi f
• Arabic: اِسْتِقْلَال (ar) m (istiqlāl)

  Hijazi Arabic: اِسْتِقْلَال m (istiglāl)

• Armenian: անկախություն (hy) (ankaxutʻyun)
• Asturian: independencia f
• Azerbaijani: istiqlal (az), istiqlaliyyət (az), müstəqillik (az)
• Bashkir: бойондороҡһоҙлоҡ (boyondoroqhoźloq)
• Basque: independentzia (eu)
• Belarusian: незале́жнасць f (njezaljéžnascʹ), самасто́йнасць f (samastójnascʹ)
• Bengali: স্বাধীনতা (bn) (śadhinota), আজাদি (bn) (ajadi)
• Bulgarian: незави́симост (bg) f (nezavísimost)
• Burmese: ကိုယ့်မင်းကိုယ့်ချင်း (my) (kuiy.mang:kuiy.hkyang:), လွတ်လပ်ရေး (my) (lwatlap-re:)
• Catalan: independència (ca) f
• Cebuano: kagawasan, kaugalingnan (of a nation)
• Chechen: лаамалла (laamalla) d, до̄зушцахилар (doozušcaxilar)
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 獨立 / 独立 (yue) (duk⁶ laap⁶)

  Dungan: дўли (dwli)

  Hokkien: 獨立 / 独立 (zh-min-nan) (to̍k-li̍p)

  Mandarin: 獨立 / 独立 (zh) (dúlì), 獨立紀 / 独立纪 (Dúlì jì)

  Wu: 獨立 / 独立 (⁸doq-liq)

• Crimean Tatar: mustaqillik
• Czech: nezávislost (cs) f, samostatnost (cs) f
• Danish: uafhængighed c, selvstændighed c
• Dhivehi: please add this translation if you can
• Dutch: onafhankelijkheid (nl) f, zelfstandigheid (nl) f
• Esperanto: sendependeco
• Estonian: iseseisvus
• Faroese: sjálvstýri n, sjálvræði n
• Finnish: itsenäisyys (fi)
• French: indépendance (fr) f
• Gagauz: baamsızlık
• Galician: independencia (gl) f
• Georgian: დამოუკიდებლობა (damouḳidebloba)
• German: Unabhängigkeit (de) f
• Greek: ανεξαρτησία (el) f (anexartisía)

  Ancient Greek: αὐτονομία f (autonomía)

• Gujarati: સ્વતંત્રતા (svatantratā)
• Hebrew: עַצְמָאוּת (he) f (atsmaút)
• Hindi: स्वतंत्रता (hi) m (svatantratā)
• Hungarian: függetlenség (hu)
• Icelandic: sjálfstæði n, óhæði n
• Indonesian: kemerdekaan (id)
• Italian: indipendenza (it) f
• Japanese: 独立 (ja) (どくりつ, dokuritsu)
• Kannada: ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ (kn) (svātantrya)
• Kazakh: тәуелсіздік (täuelsızdık)
• Khmer: ឯករាជ្យ (km) (ʼaekaʼriəc)
• Korean: 독립(獨立) (ko) (dongnip)
• Kurdish:

  Central Kurdish: سەربەخۆیی (ckb) (serbexoyî)

  Northern Kurdish: serbixweyî (ku)

• Kyrgyz: эгемендүүлүк (ky) (egemendüülük)
• Lao: ເອກະລາດ (lo) (ʼē ka lāt)
• Latin: lībertās (la) f
• Latvian: neatkarība f
• Lithuanian: nepriklausomybė (lt) f
• Macedonian: независност f (nezavisnost)
• Malay: kemerdekaan (ms)
• Malayalam: സ്വാതന്ത്ര്യം (ml) (svātantryaṁ)
• Maltese: indipendenza f
• Manx: seyrsnys f (politics), neuchommeeys m, neuchrogheydys m
• Maore Comorian: uhuru class 14
• Maori: mana motuhake (political), motuhaketanga
• Marathi: स्वातंत्र्य n (svātantrya)
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: бие даасан байдал (bije daasan bajdal), тусгаар тогтнол (tusgaar togtnol)

• Nahuatl: tlācaxoxouhcāyōtl, tlakaxoxoukayotl
• Nepali: स्वतन्त्रता (ne) (svatantratā)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: uavhengighet (no) m or f

  Nynorsk: sjølvstende n

• Occitan: independéncia (oc) f
• Odia: ସ୍ୱାଧୀନତା (swādhinatā)
• Okinawan: ちゅいだち (cuidaci)
• Pashto: استقلال (ps) m (esteqlãl), آزادي (ps) f (āzādí)
• Persian: استقلال (fa) (esteqlâl), آزادی (fa) (âzâdi)
• Polish: niepodległość (pl) f, niezależność (pl) f, niezawisłość (pl) f
• Portuguese: independência (pt) f
• Romanian: independență (ro) f
• Russian: незави́симость (ru) f (nezavísimostʹ), самостоя́тельность (ru) f (samostojátelʹnostʹ)
• Sardinian: indipendentzia f
• Scots: unthirldom
• Scottish Gaelic: neo-eisimeileachd
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: не̏овисно̄ст f, неза́висно̄ст f

  Roman: nȅovisnōst (sh) f, nezávisnōst (sh) f

• Sicilian: nnipinnenzia (scn)
• Sinhalese: ස්වාධීනත්‍වය (swādhīnatwaya)
• Slovak: nezávislosť f
• Slovene: neodvisnost (sl) f
• Spanish: independencia (es) f
• Sranan Tongo: srefidensi
• Swedish: oavhängighet (sv), självständighet (sv) c
• Tagalog: kasarinlan
• Tajik: истиқлол (istiqlol), озодӣ (tg) (ozodi)
• Tamil: சுதந்திரம் (ta) (cutantiram)
• Tatar: бәйсезлек (tt) (bäysezlek), мөстәкыйльлек (tt) (möstäkıyl’lek)
• Telugu: స్వాతంత్ర్యము (te) (svātantryamu)
• Thai: เอกราช (th) (èek-gà-râat)
• Tibetan: རང་བཙན (rang btsan)
• Turkish: istiklal (tr), bağımsızlık (tr)
• Turkmen: garaşsyzlyk
• Ukrainian: незале́жність (uk) (nezaléžnistʹ), самості́йність f (samostíjnistʹ)
• Urdu: آزادی (ur) f (āzādī), استقلال (istiqlāl)
• Uyghur: مۇستەقىللىق (musteqilliq)
• Uzbek: mustaqillik (uz), ozodlik (uz), istiqlol (uz)
• Vietnamese: độc lập (vi) (獨立)
• Welsh: annibyniaeth (cy) f
• Yiddish: אומאָפּהענגיקייט f (umophengikeyt), זעלבשטענדיקייט f (zelbshtendikeyt)

state of having sufficient means for a comfortable livelihood

• Afrikaans: onafhanklikheid (af)
• Czech: nezávislost (cs) f, samostatnost (cs) f
• Danish: uafhængighed c, selvstændighed c
• Dutch: zelfstandigheid (nl) f, onafhankelijkheid (nl) f
• Esperanto: memstareco, sendependenco
• Estonian: sõltumatus
• Finnish: riippumattomuus (fi)
• German: Unabhängigkeit (de) f
• Greek: ανεξαρτησία (el) f (anexartisía)
• Hungarian: önállóság (hu)
• Icelandic: sjálfstæði n
• Italian: indipendenza (it) f
• Latvian: neatkarība f
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: uavhengighet (no) m or f

• Polish: niezależność (pl) f
• Portuguese: independência (pt) f
• Romanian: independență (ro) f
• Russian: незави́симость (ru) f (nezavísimostʹ), самостоя́тельность (ru) f (samostojátelʹnostʹ)
• Scots: free staundin
• Serbo-Croatian: nȅovisnōst (sh) f, nezávisnōst (sh) f
• Spanish: independencia (es) f

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• French: ^{(please verify)} indépendance (fr) f
• German: ^{(please verify)} Unabhängigkeit (de) f, ^{(please verify)} Selbständigkeit (de) f
• Indonesian: ^{(please verify)} kemerdekaan (id)
• Kurdish:

  Central Kurdish: ^{(please verify)} سەربەخۆیی (ckb) (serbexoyî)

• Maltese: ^{(please verify)} indipendenza f
• Old English: ^{(please verify)} selfdom
• Swedish: ^{(please verify)} självständighet (sv) c