incumbir

Portuguese

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin incumbere, with change of conjugation.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ĩ.kũˈbi(ʁ)/ [ĩ.kũˈbi(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ĩ.kũˈbi(ʁ)/ [ĩ.kũˈbi(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ĩ.kũˈbi(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ĩ.kũˈbi(ʁ)/ [ĩ.kũˈbi(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ĩ.kũˈbi(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ĩ.kũˈbiɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ĩ.kũˈbiɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ĩ.kũˈbi.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: in‧cum‧bir

Verb

incumbir (first-person singular present incumbo, first-person singular preterite incumbi, past participle incumbido)

1. to delegate
   • 1938, Graciliano Ramos, “Festa [Celebration]”, in Vidas Seccas [Barren Lives], Rio de Janeiro: Livraria José Olympio Editora, pages 107-108:

     Mas Fabiano tinha comprado dez varas de panno branco na loja e incumbira sinha Terta de arranjar farpellas para elle e para os filhos.

     But Fabiano had bought ten varas of white cloth at the store and given sinha Terta the task of providing clothes for him and the children.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of incumbir (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	incumbir
Personal	incumbir	incumbires	incumbir	incumbirmos	incumbirdes	incumbirem
Gerund
	incumbindo
Past participle
Masculine	incumbido			incumbidos
Feminine	incumbida			incumbidas
Indicative
Present	incumbo	incumbes	incumbe	incumbimos	incumbis	incumbem
Imperfect	incumbia	incumbias	incumbia	incumbíamos	incumbíeis	incumbiam
Preterite	incumbi	incumbiste	incumbiu	incumbimos	incumbistes	incumbiram
Pluperfect	incumbira	incumbiras	incumbira	incumbíramos	incumbíreis	incumbiram
Future	incumbirei	incumbirás	incumbirá	incumbiremos	incumbireis	incumbirão
Conditional	incumbiria	incumbirias	incumbiria	incumbiríamos	incumbiríeis	incumbiriam
Subjunctive
Present	incumba	incumbas	incumba	incumbamos	incumbais	incumbam
Imperfect	incumbisse	incumbisses	incumbisse	incumbíssemos	incumbísseis	incumbissem
Future	incumbir	incumbires	incumbir	incumbirmos	incumbirdes	incumbirem
Imperative
Affirmative		incumbe	incumba	incumbamos	incumbi	incumbam
Negative (não)		não incumbas	não incumba	não incumbamos	não incumbais	não incumbam

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin incumbō.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /inkumˈbiɾ/ [ĩŋ.kũmˈbiɾ]
• Rhymes: -iɾ
• Syllabification: in‧cum‧bir

Verb

incumbir (first-person singular present incumbo, first-person singular preterite incumbí, past participle incumbido)

1. to be incumbent
2. to correspond to, to have to do with

   No nos incumbe.

   It has nothing to do with us.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of incumbir (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			incumbir
gerund			incumbiendo
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		incumbido		incumbida
		plural		incumbidos		incumbidas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	incumbo	incumbestú incumbísvos	incumbe	incumbimos	incumbís	incumben
	imperfect	incumbía	incumbías	incumbía	incumbíamos	incumbíais	incumbían
	preterite	incumbí	incumbiste	incumbió	incumbimos	incumbisteis	incumbieron
	future	incumbiré	incumbirás	incumbirá	incumbiremos	incumbiréis	incumbirán
	conditional	incumbiría	incumbirías	incumbiría	incumbiríamos	incumbiríais	incumbirían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	incumba	incumbastú incumbásvos2	incumba	incumbamos	incumbáis	incumban
	imperfect (ra)	incumbiera	incumbieras	incumbiera	incumbiéramos	incumbierais	incumbieran
	imperfect (se)	incumbiese	incumbieses	incumbiese	incumbiésemos	incumbieseis	incumbiesen
	future1	incumbiere	incumbieres	incumbiere	incumbiéremos	incumbiereis	incumbieren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		incumbetú incumbívos	incumba	incumbamos	incumbid	incumban
	negative		no incumbas	no incumba	no incumbamos	no incumbáis	no incumban

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of incumbir

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive incumbir	dative	incumbirme	incumbirte	incumbirle, incumbirse	incumbirnos	incumbiros	incumbirles, incumbirse
	accusative	incumbirme	incumbirte	incumbirlo, incumbirla, incumbirse	incumbirnos	incumbiros	incumbirlos, incumbirlas, incumbirse
with gerund incumbiendo	dative	incumbiéndome	incumbiéndote	incumbiéndole, incumbiéndose	incumbiéndonos	incumbiéndoos	incumbiéndoles, incumbiéndose
	accusative	incumbiéndome	incumbiéndote	incumbiéndolo, incumbiéndola, incumbiéndose	incumbiéndonos	incumbiéndoos	incumbiéndolos, incumbiéndolas, incumbiéndose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative incumbe	dative	incúmbeme	incúmbete	incúmbele	incúmbenos	not used	incúmbeles
	accusative	incúmbeme	incúmbete	incúmbelo, incúmbela	incúmbenos	not used	incúmbelos, incúmbelas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative incumbí	dative	incumbime	incumbite	incumbile	incumbinos	not used	incumbiles
	accusative	incumbime	incumbite	incumbilo, incumbila	incumbinos	not used	incumbilos, incumbilas
with formal second-person singular imperative incumba	dative	incúmbame	not used	incúmbale, incúmbase	incúmbanos	not used	incúmbales
	accusative	incúmbame	not used	incúmbalo, incúmbala, incúmbase	incúmbanos	not used	incúmbalos, incúmbalas
with first-person plural imperative incumbamos	dative	not used	incumbámoste	incumbámosle	incumbámonos	incumbámoos	incumbámosles
	accusative	not used	incumbámoste	incumbámoslo, incumbámosla	incumbámonos	incumbámoos	incumbámoslos, incumbámoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative incumbid	dative	incumbidme	not used	incumbidle	incumbidnos	incumbíos	incumbidles
	accusative	incumbidme	not used	incumbidlo, incumbidla	incumbidnos	incumbíos	incumbidlos, incumbidlas
with formal second-person plural imperative incumban	dative	incúmbanme	not used	incúmbanle	incúmbannos	not used	incúmbanles, incúmbanse
	accusative	incúmbanme	not used	incúmbanlo, incúmbanla	incúmbannos	not used	incúmbanlos, incúmbanlas, incúmbanse

Derived terms

• incumbencia

Further reading

• “incumbir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10