ignosco
Appearance
Latin
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From in- (“after”) + (g)nōscō (“to get to know”). The meaning developed from “subsequently realise” to “acknowledge” to “forgive”.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /iɡˈnoːs.koː/, [ɪŋˈnoːs̠koː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /iɲˈɲos.ko/, [iɲˈɲɔsko]
Verb
[edit]ignōscō (present infinitive ignōscere, perfect active ignōvī, supine ignōtum); third conjugation
- to forgive, pardon, excuse, overlook (with dative)
- Synonyms: parcō, remittō, āmittō, dōnō, dīmittō, perdōnō, condōnō
- ut sibi ignosceret ― in order that he would pardon them (Caesar, de Bello Gallico, VII, 12)
- 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 6.443–444:
- haurit aquās tollēnsque manūs, ‘ignōscite,’ dīxit
‘sacra! vir intrābō nōn adeundā virō.’- He draws water, and lifting up his hands, says: “Forgive [me], sacred things! A man, I shall enter [a place which] ought not be approached by a man.”
(The Temple of Vesta afire, Lucius Caecilius Metellus (consul 251 BC) begs forgiveness from Vesta (mythology) prior to saving items from the flames.)
- He draws water, and lifting up his hands, says: “Forgive [me], sacred things! A man, I shall enter [a place which] ought not be approached by a man.”
- haurit aquās tollēnsque manūs, ‘ignōscite,’ dīxit
Usage notes
[edit]Takes the dative form of the person forgiven; in archaic Latin, can take the accusative.
Conjugation
[edit]Passive forms are not known except for the third-person singular.
Conjugation of ignōscō (third conjugation)
1The verb "nōscō" and its compounds frequently drop the syllables "vi" and "ve" from their perfect, pluperfect and future perfect conjugations.
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, page 242
Further reading
[edit]- “ignosco”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ignosco”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- ignosco in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.