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hrjósa

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Icelandic

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Etymology

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From Old Norse hrjósa, from Proto-Germanic *hreusaną.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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hrjósa (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative hraus, third-person plural past indicative hrusu, supine hrosið)

  1. to cause to shudder [with dative ‘someone with a mind’ and við (+ dative) ‘at something’] (idiomatically translated as "shudder at the thought of" with the dative object as the subject, and limited to having the grammatical subject hugur (mind))
    Mér hrýs hugur við sóuninni sem stöðugt á sér stað í vestrænum þjóðfélögum.
    I shudder at the thought of the waste that continually happens in western societies.
    (literally, “[The] mind makes me shudder at the waste that continually happens in western societies.”)

Conjugation

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Old Norse

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Etymology

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From Proto-Germanic *hreusaną (to shudder, shiver, quiver), from Proto-Indo-European *krewh₂- (raw meat, fresh blood). Related to Old Norse hrár (raw, fresh, juicy), Swedish rysa, Old English hrēaw, hrēow (raw), Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬏𐬭𐬀 (xrūra, bloody, gruesome, cruel), Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬥𐬙 (xruuant, ghastly, gruesome). More at raw.

Verb

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hrjósa (singular past indicative hraus, plural past indicative hrusu, past participle hrosinn)

  1. to shudder

Usage notes

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Attested usage is the same as in modern Icelandic, with hugr and við. (See Icelandic section above.)

Conjugation

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Conjugation of hrjósa — active (strong class 2)
infinitive hrjósa
present participle hrjósandi
past participle hrosinn
indicative subjunctive
present past present past
1st person singular hrýs hraus hrjósa hrysa
2nd person singular hrýss hraust hrjósir hrysir
3rd person singular hrýss hraus hrjósi hrysi
1st person plural hrjósum hrusum hrjósim hrysim
2nd person plural hrjósið hrusuð hrjósið hrysið
3rd person plural hrjósa hrusu hrjósi hrysi
imperative present
2nd person singular hrjós
1st person plural hrjósum
2nd person plural hrjósið
Conjugation of hrjósa — mediopassive (strong class 2)
infinitive hrjósask
present participle hrjósandisk
past participle hrosizk
indicative subjunctive
present past present past
1st person singular hrjósumk hrusumk hrjósumk hrysumk
2nd person singular hrýsk hrausk hrjósisk hrysisk
3rd person singular hrýsk hrausk hrjósisk hrysisk
1st person plural hrjósumsk hrusumsk hrjósimsk hrysimsk
2nd person plural hrjósizk hrusuzk hrjósizk hrysizk
3rd person plural hrjósask hrususk hrjósisk hrysisk
imperative present
2nd person singular hrjósk
1st person plural hrjósumsk
2nd person plural hrjósizk

Descendants

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  • Icelandic: hrjósa
  • Norwegian (nynorsk): rjosa
  • Swedish: rysa