grouiller
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French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle French grouiller (“to shake, stir, agitate, scold, hasten, swarm, teem, crawl”), from Old French grouiller (“to rumble”), alteration of Old French grouller (“to growl”), from Middle Dutch grollen (“to make a noise, rumble, growl, grunt, grumble, scold”), from Old Dutch *grullen, from Proto-Germanic *gruljaną, *graljaną (“to shout, make angry, provoke”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to rattle, make a noise, grumble”). Cognate with Middle High German grüllen (“to scorn, jeer”), Old English griellan (“to anger, provoke, vex”). More at grill.
Alternate etymology derives sense of crawl from Frankish *grubilōn (“to dig, burrow, rummage, crawl”), from Proto-Germanic *grubilōną (“to dig, search, ponder”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrebʰ- (“to dig, scrape, scratch”). Cognate with German grübeln (“to brood over, mull over, speculate, ponder”), Old Norse grúfla (“to bend low, creep, crawl”). More at crawl.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]grouiller
- (intransitive) to mill about, swarm with people
- (intransitive) to swarm or crawl
- La place grouille de touristes. ― The square is crawling with tourists.
- (reflexive, colloquial) to hurry; to get a move on
- Synonym: magner
- Grouille-toi, hein? ― Hurry up, will you?
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of grouiller (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | grouiller | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | grouillant /ɡʁu.jɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | grouillé /ɡʁu.je/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | grouille /ɡʁuj/ |
grouilles /ɡʁuj/ |
grouille /ɡʁuj/ |
grouillons /ɡʁu.jɔ̃/ |
grouillez /ɡʁu.je/ |
grouillent /ɡʁuj/ |
| imperfect | grouillais /ɡʁu.jɛ/ |
grouillais /ɡʁu.jɛ/ |
grouillait /ɡʁu.jɛ/ |
grouillions /ɡʁuj.jɔ̃/ |
grouilliez /ɡʁuj.je/ |
grouillaient /ɡʁu.jɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | grouillai /ɡʁu.je/ |
grouillas /ɡʁu.ja/ |
grouilla /ɡʁu.ja/ |
grouillâmes /ɡʁu.jam/ |
grouillâtes /ɡʁu.jat/ |
grouillèrent /ɡʁu.jɛʁ/ | |
| future | grouillerai /ɡʁuj.ʁe/ |
grouilleras /ɡʁuj.ʁa/ |
grouillera /ɡʁuj.ʁa/ |
grouillerons /ɡʁuj.ʁɔ̃/ |
grouillerez /ɡʁuj.ʁe/ |
grouilleront /ɡʁuj.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | grouillerais /ɡʁuj.ʁɛ/ |
grouillerais /ɡʁuj.ʁɛ/ |
grouillerait /ɡʁuj.ʁɛ/ |
grouillerions /ɡʁu.jə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
grouilleriez /ɡʁu.jə.ʁje/ |
grouilleraient /ɡʁuj.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | grouille /ɡʁuj/ |
grouilles /ɡʁuj/ |
grouille /ɡʁuj/ |
grouillions /ɡʁuj.jɔ̃/ |
grouilliez /ɡʁuj.je/ |
grouillent /ɡʁuj/ |
| imperfect2 | grouillasse /ɡʁu.jas/ |
grouillasses /ɡʁu.jas/ |
grouillât /ɡʁu.ja/ |
grouillassions /ɡʁu.ja.sjɔ̃/ |
grouillassiez /ɡʁu.ja.sje/ |
grouillassent /ɡʁu.jas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | grouille /ɡʁuj/ |
— | grouillons /ɡʁu.jɔ̃/ |
grouillez /ɡʁu.je/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Conjugation of se grouiller (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | se grouiller | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | s'être + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | se grouillant /sə ɡʁu.jɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant or étant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | grouillé /ɡʁu.je/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | me grouille /mə ɡʁuj/ |
te grouilles /tə ɡʁuj/ |
se grouille /sə ɡʁuj/ |
nous grouillons /nu ɡʁu.jɔ̃/ |
vous grouillez /vu ɡʁu.je/ |
se grouillent /sə ɡʁuj/ |
| imperfect | me grouillais /mə ɡʁu.jɛ/ |
te grouillais /tə ɡʁu.jɛ/ |
se grouillait /sə ɡʁu.jɛ/ |
nous grouillions /nu ɡʁuj.jɔ̃/ |
vous grouilliez /vu ɡʁuj.je/ |
se grouillaient /sə ɡʁu.jɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | me grouillai /mə ɡʁu.je/ |
te grouillas /tə ɡʁu.ja/ |
se grouilla /sə ɡʁu.ja/ |
nous grouillâmes /nu ɡʁu.jam/ |
vous grouillâtes /vu ɡʁu.jat/ |
se grouillèrent /sə ɡʁu.jɛʁ/ | |
| future | me grouillerai /mə ɡʁuj.ʁe/ |
te grouilleras /tə ɡʁuj.ʁa/ |
se grouillera /sə ɡʁuj.ʁa/ |
nous grouillerons /nu ɡʁuj.ʁɔ̃/ |
vous grouillerez /vu ɡʁuj.ʁe/ |
se grouilleront /sə ɡʁuj.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | me grouillerais /mə ɡʁuj.ʁɛ/ |
te grouillerais /tə ɡʁuj.ʁɛ/ |
se grouillerait /sə ɡʁuj.ʁɛ/ |
nous grouillerions /nu ɡʁu.jə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
vous grouilleriez /vu ɡʁu.jə.ʁje/ |
se grouilleraient /sə ɡʁuj.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of s'être + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | me grouille /mə ɡʁuj/ |
te grouilles /tə ɡʁuj/ |
se grouille /sə ɡʁuj/ |
nous grouillions /nu ɡʁuj.jɔ̃/ |
vous grouilliez /vu ɡʁuj.je/ |
se grouillent /sə ɡʁuj/ |
| imperfect2 | me grouillasse /mə ɡʁu.jas/ |
te grouillasses /tə ɡʁu.jas/ |
se grouillât /sə ɡʁu.ja/ |
nous grouillassions /nu ɡʁu.ja.sjɔ̃/ |
vous grouillassiez /vu ɡʁu.ja.sje/ |
se grouillassent /sə ɡʁu.jas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of s'être + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | grouille-toi /ɡʁuj.twa/ |
— | grouillons-nous /ɡʁu.jɔ̃.nu/ |
grouillez-vous /ɡʁu.je.vu/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | — | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
[edit]- “grouiller”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
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