gripen

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch grīpan, from Proto-Germanic *grīpaną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɣriːpən/

Verb

gripen

1. to grab
2. to attack, to overwhelm
3. to understand

Inflection

Strong class 1
Infinitive	gripen
3rd sg. past	grêep
3rd pl. past	grēpen
Past participle	gegrēpen
Infinitive	gripen
In genitive	gripens
In dative	gripene
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	gripe	grêep
2nd singular	grijps, gripes	grēeps, grēpes
3rd singular	grijpt, gripet	grêep
1st plural	gripen	grēpen
2nd plural	grijpt, gripet	grēept, grēpet
3rd plural	gripen	grēpen
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	gripe	grēpe
2nd singular	grijps, gripes	grēpes
3rd singular	gripe	grēpe
1st plural	gripen	grēpen
2nd plural	grijpt, gripet	grēpet
3rd plural	gripen	grēpen
Imperative	Present
Singular	grijp, gripe
Plural	grijpt, gripet
	Present	Past
Participle	gripende	gegrēpen

Descendants

• Dutch: grijpen
  • Afrikaans: gryp
• Limburgish: griepe

Further reading

• “gripen”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “gripen”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English grīpan, from Proto-Germanic *grīpaną. Cognates include Middle Dutch gripen, Old Swedish grīpa, Middle High German grifen and Middle Low German grîpen.

Alternative forms

• grypen, grype, gripe

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡriːpən/

Verb

gripen

1. To grip or grab onto (often to take away)
2. To confiscate or steal; to take forcibly.
3. To make material gains come into one's possession.
4. To find out about (to acquire knowledge or information)
5. To torment or injure; to cause fear or sorrow.

Usage notes

This verb tends to be supplanted by grippen later in the Middle English period.

Conjugation

Conjugation of gripen (strong class 1 or weak in -ed)

infinitive	(to) gripen, gripe
	present tense	past tense
1st-person singular	gripe	grop, griped
2nd-person singular	gripest	grope, gripe, grepe, grop, gripedest
3rd-person singular	gripeth	grop, griped
subjunctive singular	gripe	grope1, gripe1, grepe1, griped1
imperative singular		—
plural2	gripen, gripe	gropen, grope, gripen, gripe, grepen, grepe, gripeden, gripede
imperative plural	gripeth, gripe	—
participles	gripynge, gripende	gripen, gripe, grepen, grepe, griped, ygripen, ygripe

¹Replaced by the indicative in later Middle English.
²Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

Descendants

• English: gripe
• Scots: gripe, grip

References

• “grīpen, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-09-04.

Etymology 2

From gripe (“grip”) +‎ -en (plural suffix).

Noun

gripen

1. plural of gripe (“grip”)

Etymology 3

Noun

gripen

1. Alternative form of grippen

Norwegian Nynorsk

Participle

gripen

1. past participle of gripa

Spanish

Verb

gripen

1. inflection of gripar:
   1. third-person plural present subjunctive
   2. third-person plural imperative

Swedish

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡriːpɛn/

Noun

gripen

1. definite singular of grip

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²ɡriːpɛn/

• Audio:

  (file)

Participle

gripen

1. past participle of gripa

Anagrams

• gripne