gripen

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch grīpan, from Proto-Germanic *grīpaną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɣriːpən/

Verb

gripen

1. to grab
2. to attack, to overwhelm
3. to understand

Inflection

Conjugation of gripen (strong class 1)

infinitive	base form	gripen
	genitive	gripens
	dative	gripene
		indicative			subjunctive
		present	past		present	past
1st person singular		gripe	grêep		gripe	grēpe
2nd person singular		grijps, gripes	grēeps, grēpes		grijps, gripes	grēpes
3rd person singular		grijpt, gripet	grêep		gripe	grēpe
1st person plural		gripen	grēpen		gripen	grēpen
2nd person plural		grijpt, gripet	grēept, grēpet		grijpt, gripet	grēpet
3rd person plural		gripen	grēpen		gripen	grēpen
		imperative
singular		grijp, gripe
plural		grijpt, gripet
		present	past
participle		gripende	gegrēpen

Descendants

• Dutch: grijpen
  • Afrikaans: gryp
• Limburgish: griepe

Further reading

• “gripen”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “gripen”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English grīpan, from Proto-Germanic *grīpaną. Cognates include Middle Dutch gripen, Old Swedish grīpa, Middle High German grifen and Middle Low German grîpen.

Alternative forms

• grypen, grype, gripe

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡriːpən/

Verb

gripen

1. To grip or grab onto (often to take away)
2. To confiscate or steal; to take forcibly.
3. To make material gains come into one's possession.
4. To find out about (to acquire knowledge or information)
5. To torment or injure; to cause fear or sorrow.

Usage notes

This verb tends to be supplanted by grippen later in the Middle English period.

Conjugation

Conjugation of gripen (strong class 1 or weak in -ed)

infinitive	(to) gripen, gripe
	present tense	past tense
1st-person singular	gripe	grop, griped
2nd-person singular	gripest	grope, gripe, grepe, grop, gripedest
3rd-person singular	gripeth	grop, griped
subjunctive singular	gripe	grope1, gripe1, grepe1, griped1
imperative singular		—
plural2	gripen, gripe	gropen, grope, gripen, gripe, grepen, grepe, gripeden, gripede
imperative plural	gripeth, gripe	—
participles	gripynge, gripende	gripen, gripe, grepen, grepe, griped, ygripen, ygripe

¹ Replaced by the indicative in later Middle English.
² Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

Descendants

• English: gripe
• Scots: gripe, grip

References

• “grīpen, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-09-04.

Etymology 2

From gripe (“grip”) +‎ -en (plural suffix).

Noun

gripen

1. plural of gripe (“grip”)

Etymology 3

Noun

gripen

1. Alternative form of grippen

Norwegian Nynorsk

Participle

gripen

1. past participle of gripa

Old English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡriː.pen/
• IPA^(key): /ˈɡri.pen/

Verb

grīpen

1. plural present subjunctive of grīpan

Verb

gripen

1. plural preterite subjunctive of grīpan

Participle

gripen

1. past participle of grīpan

Spanish

Verb

gripen

1. inflection of gripar:
   1. third-person plural present subjunctive
   2. third-person plural imperative

Swedish

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡriːpɛn/

Noun

gripen

1. definite singular of grip

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²ɡriːpɛn/

• Audio:

  (file)

Participle

gripen

1. past participle of gripa

Anagrams

• gripne