griauti

Lithuanian

Etymology

Along with griū́ti (“to collapse”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrewH- (“to rush in, attack”). Cognate with Latvian graût (“to destroy, thunder”), Latin ingruō (“to attack”), Ancient Greek χράω (khráō, “to attack, inflict”).^[1]^[2]

The "destroy" and "thunder" meanings are traditionally treated separately in Lithuanian dictionaries; however, Derksen considers them to be of the same origin.^[2] He also considers griáusti (“to thunder, roar, knock”) to be related.^[3]

Pronunciation

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Verb

griáuti (third-person present tense griáuna, third-person past tense grióvė)

to destroy, demolish, bring down
to thunder, roar

Conjugation

Conjugation of griauti

		singular (vienaskaita)			plural (daugiskaita)
		1^st person (pirmasis asmuo)	2^nd person (antrasis asmuo)	3^rd person (trečiasis asmuo)	1^st person (pirmasis asmuo)	2^nd person (antrasis asmuo)	3^rd person (trečiasis asmuo)
		aš	tu	jis/ji	mes	jūs	jie/jos
indicative (tiesioginė nuosaka)	present (esamasis laikas)	griáunu	griáuni	griáuna	griáuname, griáunam	griáunate, griáunat	griáuna
	past (būtasis kartinis laikas)	grióviau	grióvei	grióvė	grióvėme, grióvėm	grióvėte, grióvėt	grióvė
	past frequentative (būtasis dažninis laikas)	griáudavau	griáudavai	griáudavo	griáudavome, griáudavom	griáudavote, griáudavot	griáudavo
	future (būsimasis laikas)	griáusiu	griáusi	griáus	griáusime, griáusim	griáusite, griáusit	griáus
subjunctive (tariamoji nuosaka)		griáučiau	griáutum	griáutų	griáutumėme, griáutumėm, griáutume	griáutumėte, griáutumėt	griáutų
imperative (liepiamoji nuosaka)		—	griáuk, griáuki	tegriáuna	griáukime, griáukim	griáukite, griáukit	tegriáuna

Participles of griauti

Adjectival (dalyviai)
		active	passive
present		griáunąs, griáunantis	griáunamas
past		grióvęs	griáutas
past frequentative		griáudavęs	—
future		griáusiąs, griáusiantis	griáusimas
participle of necessity		—	griáutinas
Adverbial
special (pusdalyvis)		griáudamas
half-participle (padalyviai)	present	griáunant
	past	grióvus
	past frequentative	griáudavus
	future	griáusiant
manner of action (būdinys)		griáute, griáutinai

References

^ Smoczyński, Wojciech (2007) “griū́ti”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka litewskiego‎^[1] (in Polish), Vilnius: Uniwersytet Wileński, pages 203-4
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Derksen, Rick (2015) “griauti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 187
^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “griausti II”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 187

[1] Smoczyński, Wojciech (2007) “griū́ti”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka litewskiego‎^[1] (in Polish), Vilnius: Uniwersytet Wileński, pages 203-4

[EDBIL-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Derksen, Rick (2015) “griauti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 187

[3] Derksen, Rick (2015) “griausti II”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 187

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