griauti
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Lithuanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Along with griū́ti (“to collapse”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrewH- (“to rush in, attack”). Cognate with Latvian graût (“to destroy, thunder”), Latin ingruō (“to attack”), Ancient Greek χράω (khráō, “to attack, inflict”).[1][2]
The "destroy" and "thunder" meanings are traditionally treated separately in Lithuanian dictionaries; however, Derksen considers them to be of the same origin.[2] He also considers griáusti (“to thunder, roar, knock”) to be related.[3]
Pronunciation
[edit]
Verb
[edit]griáuti (third-person present tense griáuna, third-person past tense grióvė)
- to destroy, demolish, bring down
- to thunder, roar
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of griauti
| singular (vienaskaita) |
plural (daugiskaita) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person (pirmasis asmuo) |
2nd person (antrasis asmuo) |
3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) |
1st person (pirmasis asmuo) |
2nd person (antrasis asmuo) |
3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) | |||
| aš | tu | jis/ji | mes | jūs | jie/jos | |||
| indicative (tiesioginė nuosaka) |
present (esamasis laikas) |
griáunu | griáuni | griáuna | griáuname, griáunam |
griáunate, griáunat |
griáuna | |
| past (būtasis kartinis laikas) |
grióviau | grióvei | grióvė | grióvėme, grióvėm |
grióvėte, grióvėt |
grióvė | ||
| past frequentative (būtasis dažninis laikas) |
griáudavau | griáudavai | griáudavo | griáudavome, griáudavom |
griáudavote, griáudavot |
griáudavo | ||
| future (būsimasis laikas) |
griáusiu | griáusi | griáus | griáusime, griáusim |
griáusite, griáusit |
griáus | ||
| subjunctive (tariamoji nuosaka) |
griáučiau | griáutum | griáutų | griáutumėme, griáutumėm, griáutume |
griáutumėte, griáutumėt |
griáutų | ||
| imperative (liepiamoji nuosaka) |
— | griáuk, griáuki |
tegriáuna | griáukime, griáukim |
griáukite, griáukit |
tegriáuna | ||
Participles of griauti
| Adjectival (dalyviai) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| active | passive | ||
| present | griáunąs, griáunantis | griáunamas | |
| past | grióvęs | griáutas | |
| past frequentative | griáudavęs | — | |
| future | griáusiąs, griáusiantis | griáusimas | |
| participle of necessity | — | griáutinas | |
| Adverbial | |||
| special (pusdalyvis) | griáudamas | ||
| half-participle (padalyviai) |
present | griáunant | |
| past | grióvus | ||
| past frequentative | griáudavus | ||
| future | griáusiant | ||
| manner of action (būdinys) | griáute, griáutinai | ||
References
[edit]- ^ Smoczyński, Wojciech (2007) “griū́ti”, in Słownik etymologiczny je̜zyka litewskiego[1] (in Polish), Vilnius: Uniwersytet Wileński, pages 203-4
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Derksen, Rick (2015) “griauti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 187
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “griausti II”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 187