forus

Latin

Etymology

Uncertain. Compare Ancient Greek -φόρος (-phóros, “-bearing”), Ancient Greek πόρος (póros, “a passage; passage-way; ford; bridge”), Old High German bara, para (“a bar; barrier”).

Noun

forus m (genitive forī); second declension

1. (nautical) a gangway
2. (in a circus or stadium) a row of seats
3. a cell of bees

Declension

Second-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	forus	forī
genitive	forī	forōrum
dative	forō	forīs
accusative	forum	forōs
ablative	forō	forīs
vocative	fore	forī

References

• “forus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “forus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• forus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) at home; in one's native country: domi (opp. foris)
    
  • (ambiguous) credit has disappeared: fides (de foro) sublata est (Leg. Agr. 2. 3. 8)
    
  • (ambiguous) to shun publicity: publico carere, forum ac lucem fugere
    

Old Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɸorus]

Noun

forus n (genitive foris or forais)

1. stable foundation
   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 63^c6

     .i. oldate inna foris [sic] diar n-athraib

     than the foundations of our fathers

   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 15^d34

     í forus cen oclatid

     in firmness without boldness

2. (law) dwelling, residence, household (of humans or contractual animals)

Inflection

The masculine o-stem plural foris attested in the Milan glosses is universally considered to be a scribal error.

Neuter o-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	forusN	forusN	forusL, foirsea
Vocative	forusN	forusN	forusL, foirsea
Accusative	forusN	forusN	forusL, foirsea
Genitive	foraisL	forus	forusN
Dative	forusL	foirsib	foirsib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Derived terms

• béim forais

Descendants

• Middle Irish: forus
  • Irish: foras
  • Scottish Gaelic: foras

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
forus	ḟorus	forus pronounced with /β(ʲ)-/
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “forus”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language