fonkelen

Dutch

Alternative forms

• vonkelen (now less common)

Etymology

Later 18th century, equivalent to vonken (“to spark”) +‎ -elen (iterative suffix). A singularly attested Middle Dutch voncklen (15th c.) seems to have had no continuation. The comparatively late Dutch attestations (some of which in German-influenced texts) make a calque of German funkeln likely. The f- may also be due to the same reason, although this is not certain as the v-form is the older one in Dutch.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfɔŋkələ(n)/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔŋkələn

Verb

fonkelen

1. (intransitive) to twinkle, sparkle

Conjugation

Conjugation of fonkelen (weak)
infinitive	fonkelen
past singular	fonkelde
past participle	gefonkeld
infinitive	fonkelen
gerund	fonkelen n
	present tense	past tense
1st person singular	fonkel	fonkelde
2nd person sing. (jij)	fonkelt, fonkel2	fonkelde
2nd person sing. (u)	fonkelt	fonkelde
2nd person sing. (gij)	fonkelt	fonkelde
3rd person singular	fonkelt	fonkelde
plural	fonkelen	fonkelden
subjunctive sing.1	fonkele	fonkelde
subjunctive plur.1	fonkelen	fonkelden
imperative sing.	fonkel
imperative plur.1	fonkelt
participles	fonkelend	gefonkeld
1) Archaic. 2) In case of inversion.

Related terms

• vonk

Luxembourgish

Verb

fonkelen (third-person singular present fonkelt, past participle gefonkelt, auxiliary verb hunn)

1. to sparkle

Conjugation

Regular
infinitive	fonkelen
participle	gefonkelt
auxiliary	hunn
	present indicative	imperative
1st singular	fonkelen	—
2nd singular	fonkels	fonkel
3rd singular	fonkelt	—
1st plural	fonkelen	—
2nd plural	fonkelt	fonkelt
3rd plural	fonkelen	—
(n) or (nn) indicates the Eifeler Regel.