egon
Basque
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Audio: (file)
Verb
[edit]egon da/zaio (imperfect participle egoten, future participle egongo or egonen, short form egon, verbal noun egote)
- (da) to be, exist
- (zaio) to correspond
- (Northern, da) to stay, to dwell
- Synonyms: ostatatu, gelditu, ostatu hartu
- 1571, Joanes Leizarraga, editor, Iesus Christ Gure Iaunaren Testamentu Berria[1], La Rochelle, Ioann 1:38:
- Eta itzuliric Ieſuſec, eta ikuſſiric hec çarreitzala, dioſte hæy, Ceren bilha çabiltzate? Eta hec erran cieçoten, Rabbi (erran nahi baita hambat nola Magiſtrua) non egoiten aiz?
- [Eta itzulirik Jesusek, eta ikusirik hek zarreitzala, dioste haei, Zeren bilha zabiltzate? Eta hek erran ziezoten, Rabbi (erran nahi baita hanbat nola Majistrua) non egoten haiz?]
- Then Jesus turned, and saw them following, and saith unto them, What seek ye? They said unto him, Rabbi, (which is to say, being interpreted, Master) where dwellest thou? – KJV
Usage notes
[edit]- Southern Basque (like Spanish) has two different verbs that are usually translated to English as “to be”; izan and egon. The former is used to express a quality of something, while the latter is used to express a state (e.g. location). For example:
- Mahaia handia da. ― The table is big. (using izan because this is an inherent quality of the table)
- Mahaia zikina dago. ― The table is dirty. (using egon because this is an temporary state the table is in)
- Iñaki Donostiakoa da. ― Iñaki is from San Sebastián. (using izan because it is an immutable quality of Iñaki)
- Iñaki Donostian dago. ― Iñaki is in San Sebastián. (using egon because it is describing Iñaki's location)
- Northern Basque does not have this distinction, and egon translates to "to stay" instead, making the last sentence mean "Iñaki is staying in San Sebastián".
Conjugation
[edit]| Mood / Tense | NOR (absolutive) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg | 2nd sg inf. | 3rd sg | 1st pl | 2nd sg | 2nd pl | 3rd pl | ||
| ni | hi | hura | gu | zu | zuek | haiek | ||
| indicative | present | nago | hago | dago | gaude | zaude | zaudete | daude |
| past | nengoen | hengoen | zegoen | geunden | zeunden | zeundeten | zeuden | |
| conditional | banengo | bahengo | balego | bageunde | bazeunde | bazeundete | baleude | |
| hypothetic cons. | nengoke | hengoke | legoke | geundeke | zeundeke | zeundekete | leudeke | |
| past cons. | nengokeen | hengokeen | zegokeen | geundekeen | zeundekeen | zeundeketen | zeudekeen | |
| potential | present | nagoke | hagoke | dagoke | gaudeke | zaudeke | zaudekete | daudeke |
| hypothetic | same as indicative hypothetic consequence
| |||||||
| past | same as indicative past consequence
| |||||||
| subjunctive1 | present | nagoen | hagoen | dagoen | gauden | zauden | zaudeten | dauden |
| past | same as indicative past
| |||||||
| imperative | present | — | hago | bego | — | zaude | zaudete | beude |
1. Archaic or literary
Further reading
[edit]- “egon”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy] (in Basque), Euskaltzaindia [Royal Academy of the Basque Language]
- “egon”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005
Finnish
[edit]Noun
[edit]egon