ech-

Welsh

Alternative forms

• es-, e-, eh-

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *exs-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs (“out of”). Cognate with Old Irish ess- (see Irish as), Latin ex-, Ancient Greek ἐκ- (ek-).

Originally es- was the form before plosives and ech- before vowels, but the latter has spread by analogy.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛχ/

Prefix

ech-

1. out, ex-

   Synonyms: all-, es-

   ‎ech- + ‎plyg (“folded”) → ‎echblyg (“explicit”)

   ‎ech- + ‎torri (“to cut, to break”) → ‎echdorri (“to errupt”)

   ‎ech- + ‎tynnu (“to pull, to draw”) → ‎echdynnu (“to extract”)

2. before

   ‎ech- + ‎doe (“yesterday”) → ‎echdoe (“day before yesterday”)

   ‎ech- + ‎nos (“night”) → ‎echnos (“night before last”)

Derived terms

Welsh terms prefixed with ech-

Mutation

Mutated forms of ech-

radical	soft	nasal	h-prothesis
ech-	unchanged	unchanged	hech-

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.