durti
Lithuanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Balto-Slavic *durˀtei (whence also Latvian dur̃t (“to stab, prick”)), traditionally derived from an alternative zero-grade of Proto-Indo-European *der- (“to split, flay”) (whence di̇̀rti (“to flay, peel, flog”) and its ancestor, Proto-Balto-Slavic *dírāˀtei).[1] However, Derksen is skeptical of this etymology, and separates *durˀtei from *dírāˀtei, leaving the origin of the former open.[2]
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]dùrti (third-person present tense dùria, third-person past tense dū́rė)
Inflection
[edit]Conjugation of durti
| singular (vienaskaita) |
plural (daugiskaita) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person (pirmasis asmuo) |
2nd person (antrasis asmuo) |
3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) |
1st person (pirmasis asmuo) |
2nd person (antrasis asmuo) |
3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) | |||
| aš | tu | jis/ji | mes | jūs | jie/jos | |||
| indicative (tiesioginė nuosaka) |
present (esamasis laikas) |
duriù | duri̇̀ | dùria | dùriame, dùriam |
dùriate, dùriat |
dùria | |
| past (būtasis kartinis laikas) |
dūriaũ | dūrei̇̃ | dū́rė | dū́rėme, dū́rėm |
dū́rėte, dū́rėt |
dū́rė | ||
| past frequentative (būtasis dažninis laikas) |
dùrdavau | dùrdavai | dùrdavo | dùrdavome, dùrdavom |
dùrdavote, dùrdavot |
dùrdavo | ||
| future (būsimasis laikas) |
dùrsiu | dùrsi | dur̃s | dùrsime, dùrsim |
dùrsite, dùrsit |
dur̃s | ||
| subjunctive (tariamoji nuosaka) |
dùrčiau | dùrtum | dùrtų | dùrtumėme, dùrtumėm, dùrtume |
dùrtumėte, dùrtumėt |
dùrtų | ||
| imperative (liepiamoji nuosaka) |
— | dùrk, dùrki |
tedùria | dùrkime, dùrkim |
dùrkite, dùrkit |
tedùria | ||
Participles of durti
| Adjectival (dalyviai) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| active | passive | ||
| present | dùriąs, dùriantis | dùriomas | |
| past | dū́ręs | dùrtas | |
| past frequentative | dùrdavęs | — | |
| future | dùrsiąs, dùrsiantis | dùrsimas | |
| participle of necessity | — | dùrtinas | |
| Adverbial | |||
| special (pusdalyvis) | dùrdamas | ||
| half-participle (padalyviai) |
present | dùriant | |
| past | dū́rus | ||
| past frequentative | dùrdavus | ||
| future | dùrsiant | ||
| manner of action (būdinys) | durtè, durtinai | ||
Derived terms
[edit]prefixed forms of dùrti
References
[edit]- ^ Smoczyński, Wojciech (2007) “dùrti”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka litewskiego[1] (in Polish), Vilnius: Uniwersytet Wileński, pages 136-7
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “durti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 147