droga

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "droga"

Basque

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Spanish droga.

Pronunciation

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  • Audio:(file)
  • IPA(key): /droɡa/ [d̪ro.ɣ̞a]
  • Rhymes: -oɡa
  • Hyphenation: dro‧ga

Noun

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droga inan

  1. (dated) drug (substance used to treat an illness)
  2. drug (psychoactive substance)

Declension

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Declension of droga (inanimate, ending in -a)
indefinite singular plural
absolutive droga droga drogak
ergative drogak drogak drogek
dative drogari drogari drogei
genitive drogaren drogaren drogen
comitative drogarekin drogarekin drogekin
causative drogarengatik drogarengatik drogengatik
benefactive drogarentzat drogarentzat drogentzat
instrumental drogaz drogaz drogez
inessive drogatan drogan drogetan
locative drogatako drogako drogetako
allative drogatara drogara drogetara
terminative drogataraino drogaraino drogetaraino
directive drogatarantz drogarantz drogetarantz
destinative drogatarako drogarako drogetarako
ablative drogatatik drogatik drogetatik
partitive drogarik — —
prolative drogatzat — —

Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • “droga”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy], Euskaltzaindia
  • “droga”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005

Catalan

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Uncertain. Cognate with French drogue, English drug.

Noun

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droga f (plural drogues)

  1. drug
Derived terms
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Further reading

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Etymology 2

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Verb

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droga

  1. inflection of drogar:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

Czech

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Czech Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia cs

Etymology

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Borrowed from German Droge, from French drogue.[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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droga f (related adjective drogový)

  1. drug, recreational drug (illegal or intoxicating)

Declension

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Declension of droga (hard feminine)
singular plural
nominative droga drogy
genitive drogy drog
dative droze drogám
accusative drogu drogy
vocative drogo drogy
locative droze drogách
instrumental drogou drogami

Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ Rejzek, Jiří (2015) “droga”, in Český etymologický slovník [Czech Etymological Dictionary] (in Czech), 3rd (revised and expanded) edition, Praha: LEDA, →ISBN, page 146

Further reading

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  • “droga”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
  • “droga”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
  • “droga”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

Galician

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Verb

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droga

  1. inflection of drogar:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

Interlingua

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Noun

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droga (plural drogas)

  1. drug (medical drug or recreational drug)

Italian

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Italian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia it

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Perhaps from Dutch droog (“dry”).

Noun

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droga f (plural droghe)

  1. spice
    Synonym: spezia
  2. drug
    Synonym: stupefacente
    • 2008, Fratello Metallo, “Bacco”, in Misteri:
      L'alcol è droga! L'alcol è droga e morte!
      Alcohol is a drug! Alcohol is a drug and death!
    • 2012, Ferran Adrià, Valentin Fuster, Josep Corbella, La buona cucina della salute, page 237:
      Le ragazze hanno ben chiaro che la marijuana non è una droga leggera.
      The girls understood pretty clearly that marijuana is not a light drug.
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

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droga

  1. inflection of drogare:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

References

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  1. ^ droga in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

Anagrams

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Kashubian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dorga.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈdrɔ.ɡa/
  • Rhymes: -ɔɡa
  • Syllabification: dro‧ga

Noun

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droga f (diminutive dróżka, augmentative drodzëskò or drożëszcze, related adjective drogòwi or drożny)

  1. road, way; path (way used for travelling between places)
  2. way (direction of movement)

Further reading

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  • Stefan Ramułt (1893) “droga”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 30
  • Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “droga”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎[1], volume 1, page 331
  • “droga”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

Lower Sorbian

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Etymology 1

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dorga.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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droga f (diminutive drožka)

  1. street
  2. road
Declension
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Declension of droga
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative droga droze drogi
Genitive drogi drogowu drogow
Dative droze drogoma drogam
Accusative drogu droze drogi
Instrumental drogu drogoma drogami
Locative droze drogoma drogach
Derived terms
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References

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  • Gunter Schaarschmidt, A Historical Phonology of the Upper and Lower Sorbian Languages (1998), page 45: USo dróha 'road', also droha, LSo droga;

Etymology 2

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Borrowed from German Droge, from French drogue, from Middle Low German droge (“dry”).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈdrɔwɡa/, [ˈdrowɡa]

Noun

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droga f

  1. drug
Declension
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Declension of droga
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative droga droze drogi
Genitive drogi drogowu drogow
Dative droze drogoma drogam
Accusative drogu droze drogi
Instrumental drogu drogoma drogami
Locative droze drogoma drogach
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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droga

  1. feminine nominative singular of drogi

Further reading

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  • Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) “droga”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
  • Starosta, Manfred (1999) “droga”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

Norwegian Nynorsk

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Alternative forms

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Noun

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droga m or f

  1. definite feminine singular of droge

Old Polish

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dorga. First attested in the 14th century.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /drɔɡa/
  • IPA(key): (15th CE) /drɔɡa/

Noun

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droga f

  1. (attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland) road, way; path (way used for travelling between places)
    • c. 1301-1350, Kazania świętokrzyskie‎[2], Miechów, page br 22:
      Slepy... sedese... podle drogy
      [Ślepy... siedziesze... podle drogi]
    • 1916 [second half of the 15th century], Stanisław Słoński, editor, Psałterz puławski‎[3], Greater Poland, page Hab 23:
      Drogy vczynyl yes w morzu konyom twoym w blocze wod wyelya (viam fecisti in mari equis tuis in luto aquarum multarum Hab 3, 15)
      [Drogę uczynił jeś w morzu koniom twoim w błocie wod wiela (viam fecisti in mari equis tuis in luto aquarum multarum Hab 3, 15)]
    • 1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 87:
      Droga, stopa vestigium (beatus, qui in istis versatur bonis: ... Si enim haec fecerit, ad omnia valebit, quia lux dei vestigium eius est Ecclus 50, 31)
      [Droga, stopa vestigium (beatus, qui in istis versatur bonis: ... Si enim haec fecerit, ad omnia valebit, quia lux dei vestigium eius est Ecclus 50, 31)]
    • 1868 [1492], Akta grodzkie i ziemskie z czasów Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej : z archiwum tak zwanego bernardyńskiego we Lwowie w skutek fundacyi śp. Alexandra hr. Stadnickiego‎[4], volume XIX, page 540:
      Pervenimus in viam slodzeyska droga
      [Pervenimus in viam złodziejska droga]
  2. (attested in Lesser Poland) way (manner of doing things)
    • Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie‎[5], Krakow, page 171b:
      Fftorecz mamy chouacz thy to dary, chosz szø nam darmo dany vkaszugøcz nam gednø drogø, gøsz mamy do krolefstwa nebeskego przicz
      [Wtoreć mamy chować ty to dary, coż są nam darmo dany, ukazując nam jednę drogę, jąż mamy do krolewstwa niebieskiego przyć]
  3. (attested in Lesser Poland, Masovia) passage, via
    • End of the 14th century, Spowiedź powszechna - Confessio generalis, number 1:
      Szpowadami szø..., yszeszmi... podrosznika na nocz ne polozili any yemw drogy ne wkazali
      [Spowiadamy się..., iżesmy... podrożnika na noc nie położyli ani jemu drogi nie ukazali]
    • 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]‎[6], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 77, 55:
      Drogø vczinil sczdze gnewu swemu (viam fecit semitae irae suae)
      [Drogę uczynił scdze gniewu swego (viam fecit semitae irae suae)]
    • 1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 19:
      Przeczywko kvpyąnczemv dzedzyną blyszszy do trzech lyaath... czynycz maya, bo potheem dawnoscz gym drogą zastąnpy (alias praescriptio eis obviabit)
      [Przeciwko kupiącemu dziedzinę bliższy do trzech lat... czynić mają, bo potem dawność jim drogę zastąpi (alias praescriptio eis obviabit)]
  4. distance
    • 1930 [c. 1455], “Ex”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)‎[7], 8, 27:
      Drogøø trzech dny mami gidz na puszczyøø (viam trium dierum pergemus in solitudinem), a tu offyerowacz bødzemy panu bogu naszemu
      [Drogę trzech dni mamy jić na puszczą (viam trium dierum pergemus in solitudinem) a tu ofierować będziemy Panu Bogu naszemu]
  5. (attested in Lesser Poland) journey, trip, travel
    • 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]‎[8], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], page 79,10:
      Vodz drogi bil ies w obezrzeniu iey (dux itineris fuisti in conspectu eius)
      [Wodz drogi był jeś w obeźrzeniu jej (dux itineris fuisti in conspectu eius)]
  6. The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
    1. vestige, remnant, trace
      • 1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 13:
        Droga vestigium (et ecce has sequebantur aliae septem boves..., quae devoratis et consumptis prioribus, nullum saturitatis dedere vestigium, sed simili macie et squalore torpebant Gen 41, 21)
        [Droga vestigium (et ecce has sequebantur aliae septem boves..., quae devoratis et consumptis prioribus, nullum saturitatis dedere vestigium, sed simili macie et squalore torpebant Gen 41, 21)]
  7. probably a corruption of dęga; rainbow
    • 1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 87:
      Drogą arcus (et quasi sol refulgens, sic ille effulsit in templo dei, quasi arcus refulgens inter nebulas gloriae et quasi flos rosarum in diebus vernis Ecclus 50, 8)
      [Droga arcus (et quasi sol refulgens, sic ille effulsit in templo dei, quasi arcus refulgens inter nebulas gloriae et quasi flos rosarum in diebus vernis Ecclus 50, 8)]
  8. corruption
    • 1930 [c. 1455], “Deut”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)‎[9], 19, 3:
      Zrownasz pilnye drogø zemye, a na trzi drogy (pro części) rownye wszitkø kragina twø rosdzelisz (sternens diligenter viam et in tres aequaliter partes totam terrae tuae provinciam divides, Biblia ołomuniecka: zrownasz pilnye cziestu zemy, a na trzy cziesty rownye... rozdyelisz)
      [Zrownasz pilnie drogę ziemie a na trzy drogi rownie wszytkę krajinę twą rozdzielisz (sternens diligenter viam et in tres aequaliter partes totam terrae tuae provinciam divides, Biblia ołomuniecka: zrownasz pilnye cziestu zemy, a na trzy cziesty rownye... rozdyelisz)]

Descendants

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  • Polish: droga
  • Silesian: (through dróga) drōga

References

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  • Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “droga”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
  • Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965) “droga”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
  • Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “droga”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
  • B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “droga”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

Polish

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Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Etymology 1

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Inherited from Old Polish droga.

Pronunciation

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  • Audio 1:(file)
  • Audio 2:(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɔɡa
  • Syllabification: dro‧ga

Noun

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droga f (diminutive dróżka)

  1. road (surface with asphalt or concrete and designed to accommodate many vehicles travelling in both directions)
  2. road, way; path (way used for travelling between places)
    Synonym: trasa
  3. journey, trip, travel
    Synonyms: podróż, wędrówka
  4. way; road (series of events and actions that give a certain effect) [with do (+ genitive) ‘to what’]
    Synonym: ścieżka
  5. (bureaucracy) way; recourse (manner of doing things set by regulations)
  6. (technology) road; highway (means of connecting devices so that they may intercommunicate)
  7. (anatomy) tract (series of connected body organs, such as the digestive tract)
  8. way; path (course of someone's life, related to professional activity or interests)
  9. way (manner of behaving)
  10. (obsolete) description of a trip
  11. (obsolete) depths of a river
  12. (obsolete, astronomy) orbit of a planet
  13. (obsolete, physics) distance travelled by a body
  14. (Middle Polish, law) legal process; court
Declension
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Declension of droga
singular plural
nominative droga drogi
genitive drogi dróg
dative drodze drogom
accusative drogę drogi
instrumental drogą drogami
locative drodze drogach
vocative drogo drogi
Alternative forms
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Derived terms
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adjectives
adverbs
idioms
interjection
nouns
particles
phrases
preposition
verbs

Trivia

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According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), droga is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 67 times in scientific texts, 61 times in news, 93 times in essays, 92 times in fiction, and 53 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 366 times, making it the 136th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]

Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

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  • Audio 1:(file)
  • Audio 2:(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɔɡa
  • Syllabification: dro‧ga

Adjective

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droga

  1. feminine nominative/vocative singular of drogi

References

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  1. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “droga”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 92

Further reading

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  • droga in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • droga in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “droga”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
  • “DROGA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 26.10.2022
  • Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “droga”, in Słownik języka polskiego
  • Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “droga”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
  • J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “droga”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 559

Portuguese

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From French drogue, from Middle French drogue, from Old French drogue, from drocgue, possibly from Middle Dutch droge (“dry”).

Noun

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droga f (plural drogas)

  1. drug (substance used to treat an illness or relieve a symptom)
    Synonyms: fármaco, mezinha, remédio, medicamento
  2. drug (psychoactive substance, especially one which is illegal and addictive)
  3. (Brazil, informal) crap (something of poor quality)
    Synonyms: bosta, lixo, merda, porcaria
    Essa droga não funciona!
    That crap doesn't work!
[edit]

Interjection

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droga!

  1. (Brazil) damn! (expresses anger or irritation)
    Synonyms: (vulgar) bosta, (vulgar) merda, porcaria, meleca

Etymology 2

[edit]

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

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droga

  1. inflection of drogar:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

Romanian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from French droguer.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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a droga (third-person singular present droghează, past participle drogat) 1st conj.

  1. to drug

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Serbo-Croatian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from German Droge, from French drogue.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /drǒːɡa/
  • Hyphenation: dro‧ga

Noun

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dróga f (Cyrillic spelling дро́га)

  1. drug (illegal or intoxicating)

Declension

[edit]
Declension of droga
singular plural
nominative droga droge
genitive droge droga
dative drogi drogama
accusative drogu droge
vocative drogo droge
locative drogi drogama
instrumental drogom drogama

Spanish

[edit]
Spanish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia es

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): /ˈdɾoɡa/ [ˈd̪ɾo.ɣ̞a]
  • Rhymes: -oɡa
  • Syllabification: dro‧ga

Etymology 1

[edit]

Borrowed from French drogue, from Middle French drogue, from Middle Dutch droge (“dry”).

Noun

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droga f (plural drogas)

  1. drug
  2. (Mexico) indebtedness, debt
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Verb

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droga

  1. inflection of drogar:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Swedish

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Etymology

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drog +‎ -a

Verb

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droga (present drogar, preterite drogade, supine drogat, imperative droga)

  1. (sometimes with ner) to drug (someone); to fool someone into taking drugs, especially sleeping pills or similar
  2. (colloquial, intransitive) to do drugs

Usage notes

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Taking drugs is sometimes expressed as "droga ner sig" (drug oneself down).

Conjugation

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Conjugation of droga (weak)
Active Passive
Infinitive droga drogas
Supine drogat drogats
Imperative droga —
Imper. plural1 drogen —
Present Past Present Past
Indicative drogar drogade drogas drogades
Ind. plural1 droga drogade drogas drogades
Subjunctive2 droge drogade droges drogades
Participles
Present participle drogande
Past participle drogad
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

References

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Anagrams

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Tagalog

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Spanish droga (“drug”), from French drogue, from Middle French drogue, from Middle Dutch droge.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

droga (Baybayin spelling ᜇ᜔ᜇᜓᜄ)

  1. (dated) drug (any substance used to treat an illness)
    Synonyms: gamot, medisina, remedyo
  2. drug (typically illegal psychoactive substance)

Derived terms

[edit]
[edit]

See also

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
  • “droga”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

Anagrams

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Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=droga&oldid=82737670"