dofúarat

Old Irish

Etymology

From dí- +‎ uss- +‎ reithid. There is also an extra fo- added onto the deuterotonic forms.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [doˈɸuːa̯rad]

Verb

do·fúarat (prototonic ·diurat, verbal noun diurad)

1. to remain
   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 56^d2

     .i. níɔ diuair ní do [sic] foraithmiut etir.

     i.e. there will not remain anything at all of memory.

   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 97^d10

     Is peccad díabul lesom .i. fodord doïb di dommatu, ⁊ du·fúairthed ní leu fora sáith din main, ⁊ todlugud inna féulæ ɔ amairis nánda·tibérad Día doïb, ⁊ nach coimnacuir ⁊ issi dano insin ind frescissiu co fochaid.

     It is a double sin in his opinion, i.e. the murmuring by them of want, although there remained some of the manna with them upon their satiety, and demanding the meat with faithlessness that God would not give it to them, and [even] that he could not; therefore that is the expectation with testing.

   • c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 18^a6

     Cindas on? Ni anse ón: uaire is i ndi guthaigthi airdíxi do·fuasilcther deogur do·rruairthetar di aimsir vocalis as·berr .i. in consonante .i. inde duplex est.

     How? Not hard is this [to explain]: because the diphthong is resolved into two long vowels, there have remained in consonante i two instances of the vowel called /i/. Hence [the consonant] is double.

Inflection

Complex, class B I present, á preterite, s future, s subjunctive

		1st sg.	2nd sg.	3rd sg.	1st pl.	2nd pl.	3rd pl.	Passive sg.	Passive pl.
Present indicative	Deut.			do·fúarat
	Prot.			·díurat
Imperfect indicative	Deut.			du·fúairthed
	Prot.
Preterite	Deut.
	Prot.
Perfect	Deut.			du·rúarid; do·rúaraid			do·rúarthatar; do·rrúairthetar
	Prot.			·derúarid			·dúarthatar
Future	Deut.
	Prot.			·diúair
Conditional	Deut.
	Prot.
Present subjunctive	Deut.
	Prot.
Past subjunctive	Deut.			di·fúairsitis
	Prot.
Imperative
Verbal noun		díurad
Past participle		díuradte
Verbal of necessity

Mutation

Mutation of dofúarat

radical	lenition	nasalization
do·fúarat	do·ḟúarat	do·fúarat pronounced with /-β(ʲ)-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “do-fúarat”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen [Comparative Grammar of the Celtic Languages] (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, § 797.9, page 600