dirhem

See also: Dirhem

English

Alternative forms

• dirham

Etymology

Borrowed from Turkish dirhem, from Ottoman Turkish درهم, borrowing from Persian درهم, borrowing from Arabic دِرْهَم (dirham), borrowing from Middle Persian 𐭦𐭥𐭦𐭭 (zʿzn), borrowing from Ancient Greek δραχμή (drakhmḗ). Doublet of dram, drachma, diram, dirham, and adarme.

Noun

dirhem (plural dirhems)

1. (historical units of measurement) A former small Turkish unit of weight, variously reckoned as 1.5–3.5 g (0.05–0.12 oz.).
   • 1819, Abraham Rees, The Cyclopaedia, Vol. XXX, s.v. "Rottolo":

     At Aleppo, and its port Scanderoon, the cantaro contains 100 rottoli, each of which is subdivided into 12 ounces, or 720 drachms... The rottolo with which the silks from Tripoli, and other parts of Syria, are weighed, consists of 700 drachms, answering to 4⅞ avoirdupois. The rottolo used in weighing the Persian silks contains 680 drachms, or nearly 4¾ lbs. avoirdupois. The rottolo of Damascus, with which brass, camphor, benzoin, spikenard, balsam of Mecca, and other drugs are weighed, contains 600 drachms, or 4¹⁄₅ lbs. avoirdupois. Five rottoli, or 3600 drachms, make what is called a vesno... At Saide, in Syria, (the ancient Sidon,) silk and sattin yarn are weighed with the rottolo of Damascus, of 600 drachms; 100 such rottoli answering to about 410 lbs. avoirdupois... At Smyrna, the cantaro, or kintal, contains 45 okes, or 100 rottoli. The batman is 6 okes, or 2400 drachms; and the oke is 400 drachms, and the rottolo = 180 drachms. The cantaro of 45 okes weighs 123 lbs. 4 oz. avoirdupois; and, therefore, the oke is = 2 lbs. 11 oz. 13 drs. avoirdupois. At Tripoli, the cantaro weight contains 100 rottoli, each of 6 ounces, or 128 termini; this cantaro answers to 168 lbs. peso sotile of Venice, or about 12 lbs. avoirdupois...

   • 1888, W.M.F. Petrie, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 9th ed., Vol. XXIV, s.v. "Weights and Measures":

     Dram (49·5 grains), 100=chequi, 4=oka (2·8286 ℔); dram (49·5 grains), 180=rotl, 100=kintal or kantar (127·29 ℔).

2. (chiefly historical Turkish contexts) Alternative form of dirham: a former silver coin weighing one dirhem; modern currencies named for it.

Synonyms

• (unit of weight): dram, Turkish dram; drachm, Turkish drachm (obsolete); termini (obsolete)

Meronyms

• (superdivisions of the unit of weight): ounce; cheki; rottol or rotl; oka; batman; kantar or quintal

Translations

unit of weight

• Finnish: dirham (fi)
• Greek: δράμι (el) n (drámi)
• Hindi: दिरम (hi) m (diram), दिरहम (hi) m (dirham)

Crimean Tatar

Noun

dirhem

1. A unit of weight: 1 dirhem = 3.12 grams (obsolete).
2. Silver coin (historical).

Declension

Declension of dirhem

nominative	dirhem
genitive	dirhemniñ
dative	dirhemge
accusative	dirhemni
locative	dirhemde
ablative	dirhemden

References

• Mirjejev, V. A., Usejinov, S. M. (2002) Ukrajinsʹko-krymsʹkotatarsʹkyj slovnyk [Ukrainian – Crimean Tatar Dictionary]‎^[1], Simferopol: Dolya, →ISBN

French

Noun

dirhem m (plural dirhems)

1. Obsolete spelling of dirham.

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdir.xɛm/
• Rhymes: -irxɛm
• Syllabification: dir‧hem

Noun

dirhem m inan

1. Alternative form of dirham.

Declension

Declension of dirhem

	singular	plural
nominative	dirhem	dirhemy
genitive	dirhema	dirhemów
dative	dirhemowi	dirhemom
accusative	dirhem	dirhemy
instrumental	dirhemem	dirhemami
locative	dirhemie	dirhemach
vocative	dirhemie	dirhemy

Further reading

• dirhem in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish درهم (dirhem), from Persian درهم (derham), from Ancient Greek δραχμή (drakhmḗ). Compare dràhma.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dǐrxem/
• Hyphenation: dir‧hem

Noun

dìrhem m (Cyrillic spelling дѝрхем)

1. (regional, historical) dirham (especially silver coin used during the Ottoman Empire)

Declension

Declension of dirhem

	singular	plural
nominative	dirhem	dirhemi
genitive	dirhema	dirhema
dative	dirhemu	dirhemima
accusative	dirhem	dirheme
vocative	dirheme	dirhemi
locative	dirhemu	dirhemima
instrumental	dirhemom	dirhemima

Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish درهم (dirhem), from Arabic دِرْهَم (dirham), from Middle Persian 𐭦𐭥𐭦𐭭 (zʿzn), from Ancient Greek δραχμή (drakhmḗ). Doublet of drahma and drahoma.

Noun

dirhem (definite accusative dirhemi, plural dirhemler)

1. (historical) dirham, dirhem

Declension

Inflection
Nominative	dirhem
Definite accusative	dirhemi
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	dirhem	dirhemler
Definite accusative	dirhemi	dirhemleri
Dative	dirheme	dirhemlere
Locative	dirhemde	dirhemlerde
Ablative	dirhemden	dirhemlerden
Genitive	dirhemin	dirhemlerin

Descendants

• → English: dirhem