deug

Afrikaans

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dɪø̯χ/

Etymology 1

From Dutch deugd, from Middle Dutch dōget, from Old Dutch *dugeth, from Proto-Germanic *dugunþō (“usefulness, virtue”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewgʰ- (“to be ready, be sufficient”).

Noun

deug (plural deugde)

1. virtue

Derived terms

• ondeug

Etymology 2

From Dutch deugen, from Middle Dutch dōgen, from Old Dutch dugan, from Proto-Germanic *duganą.

Verb

deug (present deug, present participle deugende, past participle gedeug)

1. (intransitive) to be appropriate, to be adequate, to be fitting
2. (intransitive) to be decent, to be virtuous

Dutch

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -øːx

Verb

deug

1. inflection of deugen:
   1. first-person singular present indicative
   2. (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
   3. imperative

Old Irish

Etymology

Unknown. Originally a u-stem because of the u-coloured e. Related to Welsh diod (“drink”).

Perhaps from Proto-Celtic *de- (“from”) +‎ *gus (“pouring”) from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰew- (“to pour”), compare Ancient Greek χόη (khóē, “libation”). Or from Proto-Celtic *dīātis, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁(y)- (“to suck”). Or related to *dʰǵʰúHs (“fish”) (see there).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dʲeu̯ɣ/

Noun

deug f (genitive dige)

1. drink
   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 27^a24

     Nachib·mided .i. nachib·berar i smachtu rechta fetarlicce, inna ndig et a mbiad, inna llíthu et a ssapati, act bad foirbthe far n‑iress.

     Let him not judge you, i.e. do not be borne into the institutions of the Law of the Old Testament, into their drink and their food, into their festivals and their sabbaths; but let your faith be perfect.

2. draught
3. potion

Inflection

Feminine ā-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	deugL	digL	deugaH
Vocative	deugL	digL	deugaH
Accusative	digN	digL	deugaH
Genitive	digeH	deugL	deugN
Dative	digL	deugaib	deugaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

• Middle Irish: deog, deoch
  • Irish: deoch
  • Manx: jough
  • Scottish Gaelic: deoch

Mutation

Mutation of deug

radical	lenition	nasalization
deog	deog pronounced with /ð(ʲ)-/	ndeog

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “deog, deoch”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Scottish Gaelic

Alternative forms

• dheug

Etymology

From Middle Irish déc, from Old Irish deec, deac, from Proto-Celtic *dekam-kʷe (literally “and ten”), with loss of the first k by dissimilation. Cognate with Irish déag and Manx jeig.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tʲiək/, /tʃiək/

Numeral

deug

1. -teen

Usage notes

• Used not as a suffix but as a separate word:

  ochd ― eight

  ochd deug ― eighteen

Derived terms

• cola-deug (“fortnight”)
• dà dhusan dheug (“gross; 144”)
• deugaire (“teenager”)

 

Related terms

• deich - ten