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celer

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Celer and céler

Czech

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celer

Etymology

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Borrowed from German Sellerie.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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celer m inan

  1. celery

Declension

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Declension of celer (hard masculine inanimate)
singular plural
nominative celer celery
genitive celeru celerů
dative celeru celerům
accusative celer celery
vocative celere celery
locative celeru celerech
instrumental celerem celery

Further reading

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  • “celer”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
  • “celer”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
  • “celer”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

French

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Etymology

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Inherited from Old French, from Latin cēlāre (“hide, conceal”).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /sə.le/
  • Audio:(file)

Verb

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celer

  1. (transitive, literary) to conceal, hide
    Synonym: cacher
    • 1640, Pierre Corneille, Horace, act I, scene I:
      Elle vous aime assez pour ne vous rien celer
      She likes you enough that she will conceal nothing from you

Conjugation

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This verb is conjugated like parler, except the -e- /ə/ of the second-to-last syllable becomes -è- /ɛ/ when the next vowel is a silent or schwa -e-, as in the third-person singular present indicative il cèle and the third-person singular future indicative il cèlera.

Conjugation of celer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple celer
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple celant
/sə.lɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle celé
/sə.le/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present cèle
/sɛl/ 		cèles
/sɛl/ 		cèle
/sɛl/ 		celons
/sə.lɔ̃/ 		celez
/sə.le/ 		cèlent
/sɛl/
imperfect celais
/sə.lɛ/ 		celais
/sə.lɛ/ 		celait
/sə.lɛ/ 		celions
/sə.ljɔ̃/ 		celiez
/sə.lje/ 		celaient
/sə.lɛ/
past historic2 celai
/sə.le/ 		celas
/sə.la/ 		cela
/sə.la/ 		celâmes
/sə.lam/ 		celâtes
/sə.lat/ 		celèrent
/sə.lɛʁ/
future cèlerai
/sɛl.ʁe/ 		cèleras
/sɛl.ʁa/ 		cèlera
/sɛl.ʁa/ 		cèlerons
/sɛl.ʁɔ̃/ 		cèlerez
/sɛl.ʁe/ 		cèleront
/sɛl.ʁɔ̃/
conditional cèlerais
/sɛl.ʁɛ/ 		cèlerais
/sɛl.ʁɛ/ 		cèlerait
/sɛl.ʁɛ/ 		cèlerions
/sɛ.lə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /se.lə.ʁjɔ̃/ 		cèleriez
/sɛ.lə.ʁje/ or /se.lə.ʁje/ 		cèleraient
/sɛl.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present cèle
/sɛl/ 		cèles
/sɛl/ 		cèle
/sɛl/ 		celions
/sə.ljɔ̃/ 		celiez
/sə.lje/ 		cèlent
/sɛl/
imperfect2 celasse
/sə.las/ 		celasses
/sə.las/ 		celât
/sə.la/ 		celassions
/sə.la.sjɔ̃/ 		celassiez
/sə.la.sje/ 		celassent
/sə.las/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — cèle
/sɛl/ 		— celons
/sə.lɔ̃/ 		celez
/sə.le/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading

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Latin

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Etymology

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From Proto-Indo-European *kel- (“to drive”). Probably cognate with Ancient Greek κέλλω (kéllō), Ancient Greek κέλης (kélēs).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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celer (feminine celeris, neuter celere, comparative celerior, superlative celerrimus, adverb celeriter); third-declension three-termination adjective

  1. fast, swift, quick, speedy, fleet
    Synonyms: rapidus, vēlōx, levis, properus, prōmptus, facilis
    Antonyms: lentus, tardus, sērus

Usage notes

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According to Döderlein, celer and citus mean "swift, fast, quick" in terms of quick motion (in general) with tardus as their antonym. More specifically, citus refers to a lively motion, whereas celer refers to an eager or impetuous motion.

On the other hand, vēlōx and pernīx as "quick" denote a level of athletic nimbleness in terms of bodily activity, with lentus as their antonym. More specifically, pernīx involves a level of dexterity and quickness in an eclectic range of actions (such as climbing, hurdling, jumping, vaulting, etc.); whereas vēlōx is especially used for running, swimming and flying (moving in a direction)

Thirdly, properus and festīnus as "quick" refer specifically to one's speed in terms of the shortest time to reach a destination, with sēgnis as their antonym. More specifically, festīnus intimates a certain level of impatience, whereas properus simply indicates a haste from energy simply.

Declension

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Third-declension three-termination adjective.

singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative celer celeris celere celerēs celeria
genitive celeris celerium
dative celerī celeribus
accusative celerem celere celerēs
celerīs 		celeria
ablative celerī celeribus
vocative celer celeris celere celerēs celeria

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Portuguese: célere
  • Spanish: célere
  • Italian: celere
  • English: celerity

References

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  • “celer”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “celer”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • celer in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • “celer”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • “celer”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray

Middle French

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Verb

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celer

  1. to hide

Conjugation

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  • Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of celer
infinitive simple celer
compound avoir + past participle
present participle1 or gerund2 simple celant
compound present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle celé
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ie (i’) tu il, elle nous vous ilz, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present cele celes cele celons celez celent
imperfect celois, celoys celois, celoys celoit, celoyt celions, celyons celiez, celyez celoient, celoyent
past historic cela celas cela celasmes celastes celerent
future celerai, celeray celeras celera celerons celerez celeront
conditional celerois, celeroys celerois, celeroys celeroit, celeroyt celerions, celeryons celeriez, celeryez celeroient, celeroyent
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que ie (i’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present cele celes cele celons celez celent
imperfect celasse celasses celast celassions celassiez celassent
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — cele — celons celez —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180).

Descendants

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Old French

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Etymology

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From Latin cēlāre (“hide, conceal”).

Verb

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celer

  1. to conceal

Conjugation

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This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-oils, *-oilt are modified to ouz, out. This verb has a stressed present stem çoil distinct from the unstressed stem cel. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of celer (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple compound
infinitive celer avoir celé
gerund en celant gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle celant
past participle celé
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu il nos vos il
simple
tenses 		present çoil çoiles çoile celons celez çoilent
imperfect celoie, celeie, celoe, celeve celoies, celeies, celoes, celeves celoit, celeit, celot, celeve celiiens, celiens celiiez, celiez celoient, celeient, celoent, celevent
preterite celai celas cela celames celastes celerent
future celerai celeras celera celerons celeroiz, celereiz, celerez celeront
conditional celeroie, celereie celeroies, celereies celeroit, celereit celeriiens, celeriens celeriiez, celeriez celeroient, celereient
compound
tenses 		present perfect present tense of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
past anterior preterite tense of avoir + past participle
future perfect future tense of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que jo que tu qu’il que nos que vos qu’il
simple
tenses 		present çoil çouz çout celons celez çoilent
imperfect celasse celasses celast celissons, celissiens celissoiz, celissez, celissiez celassent
compound
tenses 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nos vos –
— çoile — celons celez —

Serbo-Croatian

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /t͡sêler/
  • Hyphenation: ce‧ler

Noun

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cȅler m (Cyrillic spelling це̏лер)

  1. celery

Declension

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Declension of celer
singular plural
nominative celer celeri
genitive celera celera
dative celeru celerima
accusative celer celere
vocative celeru celeri
locative celeru celerima
instrumental celerom celerima
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