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cáin

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: cain, Cain, -cain-, caín, Caín, Caïn, càin, and Cáin

Irish

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Etymology

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From Old Irish cáin (law, rule, fine, tax, tribute). The verb is from Middle Irish cáinid (revile, rail at, reproach), from the noun.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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cáin f (genitive singular cánach or cána, nominative plural cánacha)

  1. (literary)
    1. law, rule, regulation, set of laws or rules or regulations
    2. due, tribute
  2. fine, penalty
    Synonym: fíneáil
  3. impost, tax, taxation

Declension

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Standard inflection (fifth declension):

Declension of cáin (fifth declension)
bare forms
case singular plural
nominative cáin cánacha
vocative a cháin a chánacha
genitive cánach cánacha
dative cáin
cánaigh (archaic, dialectal)
cánacha
forms with the definite article
case singular plural
nominative an cháin na cánacha
genitive na cánach na gcánacha
dative leis an gcáin
leis an gcánaigh (archaic, dialectal)
don cháin
don chánaigh (archaic, dialectal)
leis na cánacha

Alternative inflection (third declension):

Declension of cáin (third declension)
bare forms
case singular plural
nominative cáin cánacha
vocative a cháin a chánacha
genitive cána cánacha
dative cáin cánacha
forms with the definite article
case singular plural
nominative an cháin na cánacha
genitive na cána na gcánacha
dative leis an gcáin
don cháin
leis na cánacha

Derived terms

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Verb

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cáin (present analytic cáineann, future analytic cáinfidh, verbal noun cáineadh, past participle cáinte) (transitive, intransitive)

  1. fine (issue a fine as punishment)
  2. criticise, condemn, censure

Conjugation

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Alternative conjugation:

Mutation

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Mutated forms of cáin
radical lenition eclipsis
cáin cháin gcáin

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

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Old Irish

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Etymology

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From Proto-Celtic *ká(g)ni- (tribute, law).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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cáin f

  1. law (system, set of regulations), regulation, rule
  2. legal due, fine, tax, tribute

Inflection

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Feminine i-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative cáin cáinL cánaiH
Vocative cáin cáinL cánaiH
Accusative cáinN cáinL cánaiH
Genitive cánoH, cánaH cánoH, cánaH cánaeN
Dative cáinL cánaib cánaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Irish: cáin
  • Scottish Gaelic: càin

Mutation

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Mutation of cáin
radical lenition nasalization
cáin cháin cáin
pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

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