brechen
Appearance
German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle High German brëchen, from Old High German brëhhan, from Proto-West Germanic *brekan, from Proto-Germanic *brekaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg-.
Akin to Old Saxon brekan, Dutch breken (“to break”), English break.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]brechen (class 4 strong, third-person singular present bricht, past tense brach, past participle gebrochen, past subjunctive bräche, auxiliary haben or sein)
- (transitive) to break [auxiliary haben]
- (transitive, physics) to refract [auxiliary haben]
- (transitive or intransitive) to vomit [auxiliary haben]
- (transitive) to fold [auxiliary haben]
- (intransitive) to become broken; to break; to fracture [auxiliary sein]
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | brechen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | brechend | ||||
past participle | gebrochen | ||||
auxiliary | haben or sein | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich breche | wir brechen | i | ich breche | wir brechen |
du brichst | ihr brecht | du brechest | ihr brechet | ||
er bricht | sie brechen | er breche | sie brechen | ||
preterite | ich brach | wir brachen | ii | ich bräche1 | wir brächen1 |
du brachst | ihr bracht | du brächest1 du brächst1 |
ihr brächet1 ihr brächt1 | ||
er brach | sie brachen | er bräche1 | sie brächen1 | ||
imperative | brich (du) | brecht (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Derived terms
[edit]- Brechen, Brecher, Brechung
- brechend, gebrochen
- erbrechen, gebrechen, unterbrechen, verbrechen, zerbrechen
- Brechstange
- Gebreche n
Related terms
[edit]- abbrechen
- anbrechen
- aufbrechen
- ausbrechen
- bahnbrechend
- Brache
- Brechbohnen
- Brechdurchfall
- Breche
- Brecheisen
- Brechmittel
- Brechnuss
- Brechreiz
- Brechstange
- Brechung
- Brechzahl
- Bresche
- Brocken
- Bruch
- durchbrechen
- ehebrechen
- einbrechen
- entzweibrechen
- herausbrechen
- hereinbrechen
- herniederbrechen
- herunterbrechen
- hochbrechen
- losbrechen
- niederbrechen
- Pracht
- prägen
- umbrechen
- wegbrechen
- Wellenbrecher
- zusammenbrechen
Further reading
[edit]- “brechen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
- “brechen” in Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm, 16 vols., Leipzig 1854–1961.
- “brechen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- “brechen” in Duden online
- “brechen” in OpenThesaurus.de
Middle High German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old High German brëhhan, from Proto-West Germanic *brekan.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]brëchen (class 4 strong, third-person singular present brichet, past tense brach, past participle gebrochen, past subjunctive bræche, auxiliary hān)
- (intransitive) to break
- (transitive) to break (+ accusative)
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | brëchen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
genitive gerund | brëchennes brëchenes | ||||
dative gerund | brëchenne brëchene | ||||
present participle | brëchende | ||||
past participle | gebrochen | ||||
auxiliary | hān | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich briche | wir brëchen | i | ich brëche | wir brëchen |
du brichest | ir brëchet | du brëchest | ir brëchet | ||
ër brichet | sie brëchent | ër brëche | sie brëchen | ||
preterite | ich brach | wir brāchen | ii | ich bræche | wir bræchen |
du bræche | ir brāchet | du bræchest | ir bræchet | ||
ër brach | sie brāchen | ër bræche | sie bræchen | ||
imperative | brich (du) | brëchet (ir) |
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- German: brechen
References
[edit]- Benecke, Georg Friedrich, Müller, Wilhelm, Zarncke, Friedrich (1863) “brëchen”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke, Stuttgart: S. Hirzel
Categories:
- German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- German terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰreg-
- German terms inherited from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Middle High German
- German terms inherited from Old High German
- German terms derived from Old High German
- German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- German 2-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio pronunciation
- German lemmas
- German verbs
- German strong verbs
- German class 4 strong verbs
- German verbs using haben as auxiliary
- German verbs using sein as auxiliary
- German verbs using haben and sein as auxiliary
- German transitive verbs
- de:Physics
- German intransitive verbs
- Middle High German terms inherited from Old High German
- Middle High German terms derived from Old High German
- Middle High German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle High German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle High German terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle High German lemmas
- Middle High German verbs
- Middle High German strong verbs
- Middle High German class 4 strong verbs
- Middle High German verbs using hān as auxiliary
- Middle High German intransitive verbs
- Middle High German transitive verbs