break off

See also: breakoff and break-off

English

Etymology

From Middle English breke of (“break off, terminate”), a dissimilated form of earlier Middle English ofbreken. By surface analysis, break +‎ off.

Pronunciation

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Verb

break off (third-person singular simple present breaks off, present participle breaking off, simple past broke off, past participle broken off)

1. (transitive) To remove a piece from a whole by breaking or snapping.

   She unwrapped the slab of chocolate and broke off a piece.

   • 1900 May 17, L[yman] Frank Baum, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Chicago, Ill., New York, N.Y.: Geo[rge] M[elvin] Hill Co., →OCLC:

     The bees came and found no one but the Woodman to sting, so they flew at him and broke off all their stings against the tin, without hurting the Woodman at all.

2. (intransitive) To become detached by breaking or snapping.

   A chunk of rock broke off from the cliff face.

3. (transitive) To discontinue abruptly.

   Both families want the lovers to break off any relationship they may have.

   • 2023 February 25, Tim Dowling, “Tim Dowling: I’m revisiting my worst ever moment on stage – a Christmas panto”, in The Guardian‎^[1], archived from the original on 2023-06-16:

     In fact I never said it; she eventually realised I was someone else, and broke off the conversation abruptly.

4. (intransitive) To end abruptly, either temporarily or permanently.
   • [1898], J[ohn] Meade Falkner, Moonfleet, London; Toronto, Ont.: Jonathan Cape, published 1934, →OCLC:

     Then the conversation broke off, and there was little more talking, only a noise of men going backwards and forwards, and of putting down of kegs and the hollow gurgle of good liquor being poured from breakers into the casks.

5. (transitive, intransitive, billiards, snooker) To play the first shot in a frame of snooker, billiards or pool.
   • 2017, John Virgo, Say Goodnight, JV - My Autobiography, John Blake Publishing, →ISBN:

     Ted's opening line, when Steve broke off for the deciding frame, was, 'Last night we put our clocks back one hour. These two stars turned theirs back to April.'

6. (transitive, slang, African-American Vernacular) To give (someone) (something); to allow (someone) to take (something); to grant (someone) a share or portion of (something).

   If you help, I'll break you off a piece of the proceeds.

Translations

(transitive) to remove a piece by breaking or snapping

• Czech: ulomit pf
• Finnish: (transitive) katkaista (fi), murtaa (fi)
• Galician: esgallar (gl), esguizar, esgazar (gl)
• German: abbrechen (de)
• Latin: abrumpō
• Russian: отла́мывать (ru) impf (otlámyvatʹ), отломи́ть (ru) pf (otlomítʹ), отлома́ть (ru) pf (otlomátʹ)
• Swedish: bryta av (sv)

(intransitive) to become detached by breaking or snapping

• Finnish: katketa (fi), murtua (fi)
• Russian: отка́лываться (ru) impf (otkályvatʹsja), отколо́ться (ru) pf (otkolótʹsja), отла́мываться (ru) impf (otlámyvatʹsja), отломи́ться (ru) pf (otlomítʹsja)
• Swedish: gå av (sv)
• Ukrainian: відко́люватися impf (vidkóljuvatysja), відколо́тися pf (vidkolótysja), відла́муватися impf (vidlámuvatysja), відло́млюватися impf (vidlómljuvatysja), відлама́тися pf (vidlamátysja), відломи́тися pf (vidlomýtysja)

(transitive) to discontinue abruptly

• Czech: ukončit (cs) pf, skončit (cs) pf, skoncovat (cs) pf
• German: auflösen (de)
• Russian: порыва́ть (ru) impf (poryvátʹ), порва́ть (ru) pf (porvátʹ)
• Spanish: terminar (es)
• Swedish: avbryta (sv)

(intransitive) to end abruptly

• Czech: přestat (cs) pf, zastavit se pf, zarazit se pf
• Finnish: (transitive) keskeyttää (fi), katkaista (fi), (intransitive) keskeytyä (fi), katketa (fi)
• French: interrompre (fr)
• German: abbrechen (de)
• Russian: обрыва́ться (ru) impf (obryvátʹsja), оборва́ться (ru) pf (oborvátʹsja)
• Spanish: interrumpir (es)
• Swedish: brytas (sv)

Anagrams

• off break