braniti

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *borniti, related to bòriti se (“to fight, struggle”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /brǎːniti/
• Hyphenation: bra‧ni‧ti

Verb

brániti impf (Cyrillic spelling бра́нити)

1. (transitive, reflexive) to defend
2. (intransitive) to forbid

Conjugation

Conjugation of braniti

Infinitive: braniti		Present verbal adverb: bránēći		Past verbal adverb: —		Verbal noun: bránjēnje
Number		Singular			Plural
Person		1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Verbal forms		ja	ti	on / ona / ono	mi	vi	oni / one / ona
Present		branim	braniš	brani	branimo	branite	brane
Future	Future I	branit ću1 braniću	branit ćeš1 branićeš	branit će1 braniće	branit ćemo1 branićemo	branit ćete1 branićete	branit će1 braniće
	Future II	bȕdēm branio2	bȕdēš branio2	bȕdē branio2	bȕdēmo branili2	bȕdēte branili2	bȕdū branili2
Past	Perfect	branio sam2	branio si2	branio je2	branili smo2	branili ste2	branili su2
	Pluperfect3	bȉo sam branio2	bȉo si branio2	bȉo je branio2	bíli smo branili2	bíli ste branili2	bíli su branili2
	Imperfect	branjah	branjaše	branjaše	branjasmo	branjaste	branjahu
Conditional I		branio bih2	branio bi2	branio bi2	branili bismo2	branili biste2	branili bi2
Conditional II4		bȉo bih branio2	bȉo bi branio2	bȉo bi branio2	bíli bismo branili2	bíli biste branili2	bíli bi branili2
Imperative		—	brani	—	branimo	branite	—
Active past participle		branio m / branila f / branilo n			branili m / branile f / branila n
Passive past participle		branjen m / branjena f / branjeno n			branjeni m / branjene f / branjena n
1   Croatian spelling: others omit the infinitive suffix completely and bind the clitic. 2   For masculine nouns; a feminine or neuter agent would use the feminine and neuter gender forms of the active past participle and auxiliary verb, respectively. 3   Often replaced by the past perfect in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (to be) is routinely dropped. 4   Often replaced by the conditional I in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (to be) is routinely dropped.   *Note: The aorist and imperfect were not present in, or have nowadays fallen into disuse in, many dialects and therefore they are routinely replaced by the past perfect in both formal and colloquial speech.

Derived terms

• obrániti / odbrániti
• zabrániti
• kišobran
• suncobran
• blatobran

Further reading

• “braniti”, in Hrvatski jezični portal (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *borniti.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /branìːti/, /braníːti/, /bràːniti/

Verb

branīti or brániti impf

1. (transitive) to defend (ward off attack)
2. (transitive) to prevent, to stop
3. (transitive, law) to defend (make legal defence of)^[→SSKJ]

   Synonym: zastọ̄pati

4. (transitive) to defend one's opinion^[→SSKJ]
5. (intransitive, reflexive) to resist, to not like

Conjugation

Class IV, accentual type IIB (accent can be on two different vowels in infinitive), imperfective

Infinitive branīti, brániti (i-ti)

Long infinitive (usually only written, except in very formal contexts)		branīti, brániti
Short infinitive (in spoken formal language, colloquial)		bránit
Supine		bránit
l-participle
	masculine	feminine	neuter
singular	bránił	branȋla, bránila	branílo, bránilo
dual	braníla, bránila	braníli, bránili	braníli, bránili
plural	braníli, bránili	braníle, bránile	braníla, bránila
n-/t-participle (passive participle)
	masculine	feminine	neuter
singular	bránjen	bránjena	bránjeno
dual	bránjena	bránjeni	bránjeni
plural	bránjeni	bránjene	bránjena
š-participle
	masculine	feminine	neuter
singular	–	–	–
dual	–	–	–
plural	–	–	–
adverbial š-participle		–
True gerund		bránjenje
Objectified gerund		–

Present stem bránim (i-m)

Present indicative
	singular	dual	plural
1st person	bránim	brániva, bránima	bránimo
2nd person	brániš	bránita, bránista	bránite, brániste
3rd person	bráni	bránita, bránista	bránijo
Imperative
	singular	dual	plural
1st person	bráni	branȋva, brániva, branȋma, bránima	branȋmo, bránimo
2nd person	bráni	branȋta, bránita	branȋte, bránite
3rd person	bráni	[[branȋta, bránita]]	–
č-participle
	masculine	feminine	neuter
singular	branȅč	branẹ́ča	branẹ́če
dual	branẹ́ča	branẹ́či	branẹ́či
plural	branẹ́či	branẹ́če	branẹ́ča
adverbial participles
č-participle		branẹ̄č, branȅč
e-participle		–

Derived terms

• brȃmba
• braník
• braniti barve svoje države
• braniti naslov
• braniti vrata
• obranīti
• prebranīti
• ubranīti
• zabranīti

Further reading

• “braniti”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
• “braniti”, in Termania, Amebis
• See also the general references