bogatyr

See also: Bogatyr

English

WOTD – 16 September 2015

Three famous Russian bogatyrs - Dobrynya Nikitich, Ilya Muromets and Alyosha Popovich

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian богаты́рь (bogatýrʹ), Old East Slavic богатꙑрь (bogatyrĭ), from a Turkic language, probably Khazar, from Old Turkic [script needed] (baɣatur, “hero”), from Proto-Turkic *bagatur (“hero”). Cognates include Turkish bahadır, Tatar баһадир (bahadir), Chuvash паттӑр (pattăr), Kyrgyz баатыр (baatır), Tuvan маатыр (maatır), Yakut баатыр (baatır), Turkmen batyr, Middle Turkic baɣatur. Doublet of bahadur.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˌboʊɡəˈtɪɚ/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

Noun

bogatyr (plural bogatyrs or bogatyri)

1. (historical) A medieval heroic warrior in Kievan Rus, akin to the Western European knight-errant.
   • 1998, James Bailey, Tatyana Ivanova (translators and editors), An Anthology of Russian Folk Epics‎^[1], page 17:

     There was no answer from the bogatyr.
     Ilya shouted even louder than before,
     Louder than before, in a shrill voice—
     There was no answer from the bogatyr.

   • 2011, Rosamund Bartlett, Tolstoy: A Russian Life‎^[2], Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, page 2:

     Later on, he^[Tolstoy] was equated with Ilya Muromets, the most famous Russian bogatyr - a semi-mythical medieval warrior who lay at home on the brick stove until he was thirty-three - then went on to perform great feats defending the realm. Ilya Muromets is Russia's traditional symbol of physical and spiritual strength.

   • 2011, Konstantin M Averin, Tatiana I Pavlova, To Be Or Not to Be Russian?‎^[3], page 31:

     Some variants of the tale say that all the bogatyrs perished in the battle except Ilya of Murom, who, however, died after coming back as a winner.

Related terms

• bahadur
• Ulaanbaatar

Translations

medieval Russian heroic warrior — see also bahadur

• Adyghe: батыр (batər)
• Arabic: بُوغَاتِير m (būḡātīr)
• Armenian: բոգատիր (bogatir)
• Azerbaijani: bahadır (az)
• Bashkir: батыр (batır), баһадир (bahadir)
• Belarusian: багаты́р m (bahatýr), ві́цязь m (vícjazʹ), асі́лак m (asílak)
• Bulgarian: богати́р m (bogatír)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 博加特耶爾／博加特耶尔 (bójiātèyé'ěr), 維塔茲／维塔兹 (wéitǎzī)

• Chuvash: паттӑр (pattăr), пӑхаттир (păh̬attir)
• Crimean Tatar: batır
• Czech: bohatýr m
• Finnish: bogatyr (fi)
• French: bogatyr (fr) m
• Georgian: ბოგატირი (bogaṭiri)
• German: Bogatyr m
• Hungarian: bogatir (hu)
• Ingrian: bohatteri
• Italian: bogatyr m
• Japanese: ボガティール (bogatīru)
• Kalmyk: баатр (baatr)
• Kazakh: батыр (batyr), баһадур (bahadur)
• Korean: 보가티르 (bogatireu)
• Kyrgyz: баатыр (ky) (baatır)
• Macedonian: богатир m (bogatir)
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: баатар (mn) (baatar)

  Mongolian: ᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠲᠤᠷ (baɣatur)

• Nogai: баьтир (bätir)
• Old East Slavic: богатꙑрь (bogatyrĭ)
• Polish: bohater (pl) m
• Portuguese: bogatyr m, bogatir m
• Romanian: bogatâr (ro) m
• Russian: богаты́рь (ru) m (bogatýrʹ), ви́тязь (ru) m (vítjazʹ)
• Shor: матыр (matır)
• Spanish: bogatyr m
• Swedish: bogatyr c
• Tatar: баһадир (tt) (bahadir), батыр (tt) (batır)
• Turkish: bahadır (tr)
• Turkmen: batyr (tk), baatyr
• Ukrainian: богати́р (uk) m (bohatýr), ви́тязь m (výtjazʹ)
• Uyghur: باھادىر (bahadir), باتۇر (ug) (batur)
• Uzbek: bahodir (uz), botir (uz)
• Yakut: боотур (bootur)

See also

• Kievan Rus

References

• Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), Moscow, 1974–
• A Study of the Proto-Turkic tor 'general', by Choi Han-Woo, Handong University, Korea. In: International Journal of Central Asian Studies, Volume 10-1, 2005, p.220. ISSN 1226-4490.

French

Etymology

From a Turkic language, probably Khazar. See bogatyr for more.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɔ.ɡa.tiʁ/

Noun

bogatyr m (plural bogatyrs)

1. bogatyr

Portuguese

Alternative forms

• bogatir

Noun

bogatyr m (plural bogatyres)

1. bogatyr (medieval Russian heroic warrior)