birkózik
Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]First attested in 1669. bír + -kózik (reflexive suffix)[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]birkózik
- (intransitive) to wrestle (with someone: -val/-vel)
- (intransitive) to struggle (with something: -val/-vel)
Conjugation
[edit]conjugation of birkózik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | birkózom or birkózok |
birkózol | birkózik | birkózunk | birkóztok | birkóznak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | birkóztam | birkóztál | birkózott | birkóztunk | birkóztatok | birkóztak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. birkózni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | birkózék or birkózám |
birkózál | birkóza or birkózék |
birkózánk | birkózátok | birkózának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. birkózik vala, birkózott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | birkózandok (or birkózandom) |
birkózandasz (or birkózandol) |
birkózand (or birkózandik*) |
birkózandunk | birkózandotok | birkózandanak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | birkóznék (or birkóznám) |
birkóznál | birkózna (or birkóznék*) |
birkóznánk | birkóznátok | birkóznának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. birkózott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | birkózzak or birkózzam |
birkózz or birkózzál |
birkózzon or birkózzék |
birkózzunk | birkózzatok | birkózzanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. birkózott légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | birkózni | birkóznom | birkóznod | birkóznia | birkóznunk | birkóznotok | birkózniuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| birkózás | birkózó | birkózott | ― | birkózva (birkózván) | |||||
potential conjugation of birkózik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | birkózhatok (or birkózhatom) |
birkózhatsz (or birkózhatol) |
birkózhat (or birkózhatik) |
birkózhatunk | birkózhattok | birkózhatnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | birkózhattam | birkózhattál | birkózhatott | birkózhattunk | birkózhattatok | birkózhattak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | birkózhaték or birkózhatám |
birkózhatál | birkózhata or birkózhaték |
birkózhatánk | birkózhatátok | birkózhatának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. birkózhat vala, birkózhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | birkózhatandok or birkózandhatok (or birkózhatandom or birkózandhatom) |
birkózhatandasz or birkózandhatsz (or birkózhatandol or birkózandhatol) |
birkózhatand or birkózandhat (or birkózhatandik or birkózandhatik*) |
birkózhatandunk or birkózandhatunk |
birkózhatandotok or birkózandhattok |
birkózhatandanak or birkózandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | birkózhatnék (or birkózhatnám) |
birkózhatnál | birkózhatna (or birkózhatnék*) |
birkózhatnánk | birkózhatnátok | birkózhatnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. birkózhatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | birkózhassak (or birkózhassam) |
birkózhass or birkózhassál |
birkózhasson (or birkózhassék) |
birkózhassunk | birkózhassatok | birkózhassanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. birkózhatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (birkózhatni) | (birkózhatnom) | (birkózhatnod) | (birkózhatnia) | (birkózhatnunk) | (birkózhatnotok) | (birkózhatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (birkózhatva / birkózhatván) | ||||
Derived terms
[edit](With verbal prefixes):
References
[edit]- ^ birkózik in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
[edit]- birkózik in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- birkózik in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).